Drug Dependence

Question 1

Define ‘addiction’

Answer 1

A chronic disease characterised by drug seeking and use that is compulsive or difficult to control, despite harmful consequences

Question 2

Name examples of Class A drugs

Answer 2

Heroin, methadone, cocaine, crack cocaine, ecstasy, LSD, magic mushrooms

Question 3

Name examples of Class B drugs

Answer 3

Amphetamines, barbiturates, ketamine, methylphenidate, codeine, cannabis

Question 4

Name examples of Class C drugs

Answer 4

Anabolic steroids, benzodiazepines, gamma hydroxybutyrate, gamma butyrolactone, khat

Question 5

Which reward circuitry is associated with addiction?

Answer 5

Dopaminergic projection from the ventral segmental area to the nucleus accumbens; there is reduced availability of D2 receptors –> reduced metabolism

Question 6

Describe the addiction cycle

Answer 6

Addicts show impaired response inhibition and salience attribution with intoxication, bingeing, withdrawal and craving

Question 7

What is meant by iRISA in the addiction cycle?

Answer 7

Impaired response inhibition and salience attribution

Question 8

What is the effect of MDMA/ecstasy mediated by?

Answer 8

Repetitive movements and hyperlocomotion are mediated by increased 5-HT release

Question 9

Which drug may be given to treat alcoholism?

Answer 9

Nalmefene, and opiate antagonist

Question 10

What drug may be given to treat cocaine addiction?

Answer 10

Ceftriaxone