MIDTERMS : Motivation Flashcards
Motivational Theory
People are motivated to satisfy certain needs, from basic survival to complex psychological needs, and people seek a higher need only when the lower needs have been met.
Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs and theory on motivation
Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs
Physiological
Safety
Love and belongingness
Esteem
Self-actualization
Motivational Theory
Demonstrated that people could be conditioned to behave in a certain way based on a consistent reward or punishment system.
Skinner’s operant conditioning and behavior modification
Motivational Theory
Believed that employees can be motivated by the work itself and that there is an internal or personal need to meet organizational goals.
Frederick Herzberg’s two factor theory
Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory
Example of Hygiene and Motivation factors
Hygiene : Working conditions, co-worker relations, policies and rules, supervisor quality, base wage, salary
Motivation : Achievement, recognition, responsibility, work itself, advancement, personal growth
Motivational Theory
Looks at motivation in terms of the person’s value, or preferences based on social values. A person’s expectations about his or her environment or a certain event will influence behavior.
Victor Vroom’s expectancy model
Motivational Theory
Examined what motives guide a person to action
David McClelland’s three basic needs
McClelland’s three basic needs
_____ people actively focus on improving what is; they transform ideas into action, judiciously and wisely, taking risks when necessary.
Achievement-oriented
McClelland’s three basic needs
____ people focus their energies on families and friends; their overt productivity is less because they view their contribution to society in a different light from those who are achievement oriented.
Affiliation-oriented
McClelland’s three basic needs
____ people are motivated by the power that can be gained as a result of specific action. They want to command attention, get recognition, and control others.
Power-oriented
Motivational Theory
Assumption that employees dislike work, are lazy, dislike responsibility, and must be coerced to perform
Theory X
Motivational Theory
Assumption that employees like work, are creative, seek responsibility, and can exercise self-direction
Theory Y
Type of Coordination
Planning facilitates coordination by integrating the various plans through mutual discussion, exchange of ideas. e.g. - coordination between finance budget and purchases budget.
Coordination through Planning
Type of Coordination
Mooney considers co-ordination as the very essence of organizing. In fact when a manager groups and assigns various activities to subordinates, and when he creates the department’s co-ordination uppermost in his mind.
Coordination through Organizing
Type of Coordination
A manager should bear in mind that the right no. of personnel in various positions with the right type of education and skills are taken which will ensure right men on the right job.
Coordination through Staffing
Type of Coordination
The purpose of giving orders, instructions & guidance to the subordinates is served only when there is a harmony between superiors and subordinates.
Coordination through Directing
Type of Coordination
Manager ensures that there should be coordination between actual performance & standard performance to achieve organizational goals
Coordination through Controlling
Define as the internal or external discord that results from differences in ideas, values, or feelings between two or more people
Conflict resolution
Categories of Conflict
Occurs between two or more groups of people, departments, and organizations.
Intergroup Conflict
Categories of Conflict
Occurs within the person. It involves an internal struggle to clarify contradictory values or wants.
Intrapersonal conflict
Categories of Conflict
Happens between two or more people with differing values, goals, and beliefs and may be closely linked with bullying incivility, and mobbing.
Interpersonal conflict
____ is repeated, offensive, abusive, intimidating, or insulting behaviors: abuse of power or unfair sanctions that make recipients. Feel humiliated, vulnerable, or threatened, thus creating stress and undermining their self-confidence (Townsend,2012).
Bullying
____ is behavior that lacks authentic respect for others that requires time, presence, willingness to engage in genuine discourse and intention to seek common ground (Clark, 2010)
Incivility
_____ occurs when employees ‘gang up” on an individual.
Mobbing
When bullying, incivility and mobbing occur in the workplace, this is known as _____.
workplace violence
Conflict Resolution Strategies
each party gives up something it wants.
Compromising
Conflict Resolution Strategies
Involves give-and-take on various issues among the parties. Seeks to achieve agreement even though consensus will never be reached.
Negotiation
Conflict Resolution Strategies
one party pursues what it wants at the expense of the others.
Competing
Conflict Resolution Strategies
one party sacrifices his or her beliefs and allows the other party to win.
Cooperating
Conflict Resolution Strategies
one party in a conflict attempts to pacify the other or to focus on agreements rather than differences.
Smoothing
Conflict Resolution Strategies
parties involved are aware of the conflict but choose not to acknowledge it or attempt to resolve it.
Avoiding
Conflict Resolution Strategies
all parties set aside their goals and work together to establish a superordinate or priority common goal.
Collaborating
