Midterm - Units 1-5

Question 1

Describe three ways water is important to living things

Answer 1

• dissolves and transports substances in blood to aid bringing about chemical reactions in body
• Moderates body temperature keeping it relatively constant. (water absorbs heat while only rising slight amount)
• Helps lubricate for ease of movement (joints)
• required for hyrdolic reactions

Question 2

How the structure of water molecules promotes the formation of Hydrogen bonds

Answer 2

Theres an uneven sharing of electrons in water molecule(ionic bond)
They are polar covalent molecules - regions with slight positive and negative nature)
Acts as a mini-magnet. One end of dipole = negative other (o) = positive (H)

Question 3

How an organic polymer is synthesized from monomers

Answer 3

Water molecule is removed - H+ taken from one molecule and OH- from other
Dehydration Synthesis (requires energy)
Dehydrate (lose water) Synthesis (make something)

Question 4

how an organic polymer is broken down into monomers within the body. (specific example)

Answer 4

Hydrolysis (Hyrdo - water) (lysis - break apart) water is added - energy required

Question 5

3 functions of carbohydrate molecules in a cell

Answer 5

• Short term energy (as it’s broken down by hydrolysis)
• Structurtal molecule in plants
• Storage form of food (plants and animals)

Question 6

3 types of lipids found in the body + main function of each

Answer 6

Neutral Fats - Long term energy, insulation and padding
Phospholipids-
Steroids-Muscle Development

Question 7

2 functions of protein molecules in the body

Question 8

Steps involved in drawing an amino acid molecule

Question 9

Part of an Amino Acid

Question 10

Full name for ATP and what is it?

Answer 10

Adenosine Triphosphate
RNA Nucleotide with adenine base and 3 phosphate groups attached to it
Made up of a sugar, a phosphate and a nitrogenous base

Question 11

The process that makes ATP and where does it occur?

Answer 11

Cellular Respiration - metabolic pathway breaks down glucose creating ATP
In the mitochondria

Question 12

One cellular process that uses ATP

Question 13

Homeostasis components

Answer 13

Change - that requires cell to react (ex. Temperature, pressure, chemical composition)
Receptors - detect change and tells proper control center
Control Center - Has set point for what particular value should be
Effectors - physical change agents (muscles, glands) workhorses of homeostatsis (counteract change returning body to homeostatis)

Question 14

Negative Feedback Examples

Answer 14

Body Temperature; CO2 levels; Blood sugar levels; blood pH levels; osmoregulation’s; Blood Pressure

Question 15

Positive Feedback example

Answer 15

Childbirth - Fetus comes in contact with cervix - initiates release of oxytocin - speeds up and increases contractions - releases more oxytocin

Question 16

Which molecules would be produced by the hydrolysis of an enzyme?

Question 17

Which substance releases hydrogen ions causing the pH of a solution to decrease?

Question 18

What are the unit molecules that make up a fat?

Question 19

An example of a specific process that occurs on the right side of the diagram (Circle diagram Start at top with A, goes down to C while B breaks off, goes back up to A while D joins)

Question 20

Which of the following is a component of a DNA molecule?
A-ATP
B-Uracil
C-Ribose
D-Nucleotide

Question 21

The molecule shown below functions as a:

Question 22

The following reaction represents:

glucose + fructose –> sucrose + water

Question 23

Solvent VS Solute

Answer 23

-Solvent dissolves substances Solute is the substance being dissolved.
Liquid = Solvent solid = Solute
Higher quantity = Solvent