Circulatory System U6 Flashcards
Arteries
- Stretch when ventricles eject blood from the blood from the heart; Take blood away from heart
Thick muscular; elastic walls
Found deep along bones
Veins
- Transport blood back to heart
- Thin walls; has valves
- On surface surround by skeletal muscle
Capillaries
Interconnect arteries to veins
Very thin walls
Everywhere (within a few cells of eachother)
Lymph (lymphatic fluid)
Colourless, watery collection of fluid - drain from tissues and cells
absorbed by lymphatic system - contains proteins, minerals, fats, damaged cells, cancer cells and foreign invaders
Spleen
- Largest lump of lymphatic tissue
- Produces Lymphocytes and stores excess blood
- if blood pressure is high is stores blood
- if blood pressure is low adds blood to system
Thymus Gland; Tonsils and Appendix
- Bi-lobed structure - important in maturing of lymphocytes (becomes smaller age)
- Contain lymphoid tissue - might help remove invading organisms and viruses
Arterioles and Venules
Smaller Arteries and veins
Arterioles often equipped with sphincter muscle; dilate or constrict
Carotid Arteries
Branch off aortic arch - take blood to head
Chemoreceptors detect oxygen content - Pressure receptors detect blood pressure
Jugular Vein; Subclavian Arteries and Veins
No valves - Blood out of head to superior vena cava
Also branch from aorta - Blood to and from arm (brachial Artery)
Mesenteric Arteries; Hepatic Portal Vein; Hepatic Vein
Branch off aorta travels posteriorly - Brings blood to digestive system - brings nutrients from digestive system
Brings blood from digestive tract (hepatic = liver)
Brings blood from liver to posterior vena cava
Renal Arteries and veins; Iliac Arteries and Veins
- Takes blood to kidney - takes blood from kidney to posterior vena cava
- Oxygenated blood to legs, Deoxygenated blood to posterior vena cava
Anterior (Superior) and Posterior (inferior) Vena Cava
Largest Vein; Collects “spent” blood from smaller veins and carries to right atrium
Anterior is upper posterior is lower
Pulmonary Arteries and veins
Circut with trunk and arteries - Arteries bring blood to lungs to get oxygen, veins bring blood from lungs to left atruim with oxygen
Pulmonary Circuit
goes to and from lungs; - Right ventricle - pulmonary trunk - pulmonary arteries - lung capillaries - pulmonary veins - left atrium. Carbon dioxide rich blood gets cleaned; oxygen rich blood back to heart
Systemic Circuit
Left ventricle to right ventricle - oxygen rich blood to tissues - Carbon dioxide rich blood to heart
Oval opening
opening between 2 artia - covered by flap of tissue (like valve) - right atrium to left atrium - Bypass lungs
Arterial Duct; Umbilical Artery and Vein; Venous Duct
Pulmonary Artery and Aorta connection; bypass lungs
Takes waste to placenta from fetus - Takes nutrients to fetus from placenta
Connection vena cava and umbilical vein - bypasses liver
Components of Blood
55% plasma 45% Red cells (Enthrocytes) White Cells (Leukocytes) Platelets (Thrombocytes)
Components of Plasma
90% water; Proteins Albumen, Fibrinogen, Glubins; Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide; A.A glucose, fatty acids, glycerol; Salts; Wastes
Red Blood Cells
120 days; Produced in Redbone marrow; No Nucleus, biconcave; approx 200,000,000 hemoglobin in one RBC;
Blood clotting
Thromboplastin converts a blood protein (prothrombin) into Thrombin; Thrombin acts as enzyme, breaks off end of fibrinogen; Fibrinogen converted to fibrin; Fibrin forms net over leak, blood is trapped and forms clot
White Blood Cells
Larger than RBC; Have nucleus; no definite shape; Fights against infection;
Platelets
produce 2 million a day; broken fragments of other cells; important in blood clotting
Blood clotting needs - Prothrombin, Fibrinogen, Platelets
Blood Types
8 possible O+, O-, A-, A+, B-, B+, AB-, AB+,
Antigen D - Rhesus Factor (- can donate to + but + can’t donate to -)
(If RH- mother carries a RH+ baby, not recommended to have another baby - if second baby is RH+ clumping will occur harming the baby)
