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Biology 12 > Digestive System U4 > Flashcards

Digestive System U4 Flashcards

1
Q

Digestion

A

Physical and chemical processes that reduce food to small molecules to be absorbed

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2
Q

Absortion

A

Entrance of molecules along the gut lining

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3
Q

Elimination

A

Components exit the body (defication)

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4
Q

Chemical Digestion

A

Chemicals break down of food

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5
Q

Physical Digestion

A

Physical breakdown of food (increases surface are so enzymes can work)

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6
Q

Oral Cavity; Lips; Teeth; Salivary Glands

A
  • (Mouth) storage place for food while being chewed
  • Hold food in oral cavity, and guide to teeth
  • Physical Digestion
  • Produce saliva for moistening and chemically digesting food(contains salivary amylase)
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7
Q

Tongue; Pharynx; Epiglottis; Esophagus

A
  • Directs food onto teeth and pushes chewed food to pharynx
  • Where oral and nasal cavity joins at back of throat
  • Flap at base of tongue; keeps food from going down windpipe (trachea)
  • Tube leading from pharynx to stomach
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8
Q

Swallowing; Peristalsis

A
  • Relax action (typically automatic) food enters the esophagus
  • Rhythmical contraction of esophageal wall, pushes food along
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9
Q

Cardiac Sphincter; Stomach

A
  • Band of muscles that close of top of stomach (prevents regurgitation)
  • J-shaped organ, stores and churns food, helps physically digest food (mushy liquid call acid chyme)
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10
Q

Gastrin

A
  • Hormone produced by the lower stomach, enters the bloodstream and stimulates
    upper stomach to stimulate gastric glands
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11
Q

Gastric Glands; Pepsin

A

Produce HCI and Pepsinogen, which react to produce Pepsin
-Chemically Digest proteins to peptides
(HCL can burn gut lining which is why there’s a mucus layer)

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12
Q

Pyloric Sphincter; Duodenum; Pancreas

A
  • Band of muscles that close of lower stomach (only allows 1 teaspoon of chyme to enter small intestine)
  • First 10 inches of small intestine; enzymes from pancreas and small intestine digest all three food groups here (bile also secreted to emulsify fats)
  • Produces enzymes and sodium bicarbonate (sodium bicarb need to neutralize acid chyme bring from pH of 2 to pH of 8.5
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13
Q

Gall Bladder; Liver; Small intestine

A
  • Stores Bile, which is secreted into small intestine
  • Produces Bile (emulsify fats stored in gall bladder)
  • Final digestion and absorption of nutrients through Villi
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14
Q

Scretin and CCK

A

Produced by duodenal wall in response to acidic chyme

  • stimulates release of pancreatic juice
  • stimulates release of Bile
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15
Q

Absorption in Small intestine

A

long convoluted walls (folded); walls have villi ; villi have small microvilli
Each villius has blood vessels and small lymph vessel called lacteal

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16
Q

Appendix; Large Intestine

A
  • Found at junction between small and large intestine

- (Colon) Absorption of water from undigested foods (contains E. Coli bacteria

17
Q

Rectum; Anal Sphincter

A
  • Enlarged portion colon (undigested food concentrated and temporarily stored)
  • Band of muscle; allow undigested food to exit body
18
Q

Carbohydrate Digestion; Protein digestion

A
  • Salivary Amylase, Pancreatic Amylase, and Maltase

- Proteases, Peptidases

19
Q

Salivary Amylase, Pancreatic Amylase, and Maltase

A
  • Produced by Gastric Glands secreted into mouth; acts on starch to break molecules to maltose
  • Acts on starch to convert to maltose; Produced by pancreas, occurs in duodenum
  • Produced by small intestine; converts maltose to glucose
20
Q

Proteases, Peptidases

A
  • Breaks proteins to peptides; Pepsin (gastric gland) and Trypsin (pancreas)
  • Break peptides to A.A (small intestine)
21
Q

Fat Digestion

A

Bile; Lipase; Nuclease; Nucleosidases

22
Q

Bile; Lipase; Nuclease; Nucleosidases

A
  • Produced (liver) Stored (gall bladder) Fat into Fat droplets (emulsification)
  • Produced (pancreas) Fat droplets to glycerol and 3 fatt acids
  • Produced (small intestine and pancreas) Works in (Small intestine) RNA and DNA to nucleotides
  • Produced (small intestine) works in (Small intestine) Nucleotides to base, sugar phosphate
23
Q

Insulin; Glucagon

A
  • Lowers blood sugar concetration; Produced (pancreas); Liver and muscle take and and store glucose as glycogen
  • Raises blood sugar concentration; Pancreatic hormone; Liver and muscles convert gycogen into glucose
24
Q

Exocrine; Endocrine

A

Pancreas considered both

  • Produces enzymatic substances
  • Produces hormones
25
Q

6 major liver functions

A
  1. destroys red blood cells and converts hemogoblin into bile
  2. produces bile
  3. Stores glucose and glycogen, and converts glycogen to glucose
  4. Produces Urea from breakdown of Amino Acids (deamination)
  5. Makes blood proteins from amino acids
  6. Detoxifies body (removes poisonous substances and metabolizes them)

Biology 12 (10 decks)

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