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HN340 Human Anatomy II > Midterm Two > Flashcards

Midterm Two Flashcards

1
Q

What are the branches of the celiac trunk?

A
  • left gastric
  • splenic artery
  • common hepatic artery
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2
Q

Draw the branches of the celiac trunk.

A
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3
Q

Where does the esophagus enter the diaphragm and at which vertebral level?

A
  • esophageal hiatus of diaphragm at T-10 level
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4
Q

What type of muscle is found in the first, middle and last thirds of the esophagus?

A
  • top (first) third
    • voluntary striated muscle
  • middle third
    • voluntary striated muscle
    • smooth muscle
  • bottom (last) third
    • smooth muscle
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5
Q

Which lymphatic trunks and nodes does the thoracic part of the esophagus drain into?

A
  • lymph from top of esophagus (neck)
    • drains into jugular trunk
  • lymph from middle part of esophagus (near lungs)
    • drains into bronchomediastinal trunks
  • lymph from lower part of esophagus
    • drains into superior diaphragmatic lymph nodes
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6
Q

Which lymph nodes does the abdominal part of the esophagus drain into?

A
  • abominal lymph nodes
  • celiac lymph nodes
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7
Q

On a diagram, label the esophageal arteries, the esophageal branch of the left inferior phrenic artery, the esophageal branch of the left gastric artery and the left gastric artery

A
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8
Q

On a diagram of the stomach, label the following: cardiac notch, cardia, fundus, body, pyloric canal, pyloric antrum, lesser curvature, greater curvature, gastric canal, gastric folds, cardiac orfice, Z-line

A
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9
Q

What forms the physiological inferior esophageal sphincter?

A
  • diaphragmatic musculature surrounding hiatus
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10
Q

What does the Z-line demarcate?

A
  • transition line from esophageal to gastric mucosa
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11
Q

What are the two parts of the pyloris? Which part is wide and which part is narrow?

A
  1. antrum (chamber) = wide
  2. canal = narrow
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12
Q

Along which curvature is the angular incisure found?

A

lesser curvature

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13
Q

The angular incisure is the junction between which structures?

A
  • body
  • pylorus
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14
Q

When an where does the gastric canal form?

A
  • during swallowing only temporarily
  • forms between the longitudinal gastric curves along the lesser curvature
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15
Q

On a diagram of the stomach, label the following: celiac trunk, left and right gastric arteries, left and right gastro-omental arteries.

A
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16
Q

Which arteries supply the lesser curvature and which supply the greater curvature?

A
  • lesser curvature
    • right gastric artery
  • greater curvature
    • left and right gastro-omental artery
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17
Q

What are the parts of the small intestine?

A
  1. duodenum
  2. jejunum
  3. ileum
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18
Q

On diagrams of the small intestine, label the following: celiac trunk, gastroduodenal artery, superior mesenteric artery, inferior mesenteric artery, arterial arcades, vasa recta straight arteries.

A
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19
Q

On diagrams of the small intestine, label the following: splenic vein, hepatic portal vein, pancreaticoduodenal vein, superior mesenteric vein.

A
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20
Q

What is the arterial supply of the proximal part of the duodenum? What is the arterial supply of the distal part of the duodenum?

A
  • proximal
    • branches of celiac trunk
  • distal
    • branches of superior mesenteric artery
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21
Q

Which lymph nodes drain the duodenum?

A
  1. pyloric lymph nodes
  2. superior mesenteric lymphnodes
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22
Q

What is the sympathetic nerve supply of the duodenum?

A
  • superior mesenteric plexus
  • celiac plexus
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23
Q

What is the parasympathetic supply of the stomach?

A
  • anterior and posterior vagal trunks
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24
Q

What is the sympathetic supply of the stomach including splanchnic nerve and plexus?

A
  • T5-T9 segments
  • greater splanchnic nerve
  • celiac plexus
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25
Q

The mixed sympathetic and parasympathetic supply is around the parietal plexus. Which arteries are involved in this periarterial plexus around the stomach?

A
  • gastric arteries
  • gastromomental arteries
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26
Q

Identify on a diagram the jejunum and ileum.

A
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27
Q

Which artery provides the blood supply to the jejunum? Explain in terms of arterial arcades and vasa recta and straight arteries.

A
  • jejunum and ilium get blood supply from superior mesenteric artery
    • arterial arcades - loops
    • vasa recta come off the arterial arcades
    • straight arteries branch off vasa recta
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28
Q

Describe the relationship of the superior mesenteric vein, splenic vein, and hepatic portal vein.

A
  • hepatic portal system
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29
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous system supply of the jejunum and ileum including the splanchnic nerves, galnglia and plexuses.

A
  • greater and lesser splancnic nerves which innervate the celiac and superior mesenteric ganglia
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30
Q

What is the parasympathetic nerve supply of the jejunum and ileum? Where do the postsynaptic parasympathetic neurons synapse?

A
  • posterior vagal trunk
  • presynaptic parasympathetic fibers synapse with postsynaptic parasympathetic fibers in the myenteric and submucus plexuses in the intestinal wall
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31
Q

Which plexus does the greater splanchnic nerve converge on?

A

celiac

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32
Q

What is the cystic artery a branch of?

A

right hepatic artery

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33
Q

Which 2 veins does the thoracic esophagus drain into?

A
  • esophageal vein
  • azygous vein
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34
Q

Which 2 veins does the abdominal esophagus drian into?

A
  • left gastric vein drains into portal venous system
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35
Q

Which vessels supply the duodenum?

A
  • gastroduodenal artery
  • superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
  • inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
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36
Q

Which lymph nodes drain the duodenum?

A
  • pyloric and superior mesenteric
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37
Q

The ileocolic artery is a direct branch from which artery?

A

superior mesenteric artery

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38
Q

What is the cystic artery a branch of?

A

right hepatic artery

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39
Q

What main artery does the appendicular artery come from?

A

ileocolical

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40
Q

Identify the superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal veins.

A
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41
Q

What is the arterial supply to the cecum?

A

ileocolic artery which is a terminal branch of the superior mesenteric artery

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42
Q

What is the arterial supply to the appendix?

A

appendicular artery which is a branch of the ileocolic artery

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43
Q

The ileoceolic artery is a branch of which artery?

A
  • terminal branch of the superior mesenteric artery
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44
Q

The appendicular artery is a branch of which artery?

A
  • ileocolic artery
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45
Q

What is the arterial supply of the ascending colon?

A
  • ileocolic artery
  • right colic artery
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46
Q

What is the parasympathetic supply of the cecum?

A

vagal trunks

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47
Q

The ileocolic and right colic arteries are branches of which artery?

A

superior mesenteric artery

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48
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the colon and right colic flexure.

A
  • ileocolic and right colic veins
    • which drain into the superior mesenteric vein
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49
Q

Which flexures are at the end of the transverse colon?

A
  • right colic flexure
  • left colic flexure
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50
Q

What is the blood supply of the transverse colon?

A
  • middle colic artery
  • right colic arteries via anastemoses
  • left colic artery
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51
Q

What is the venous drainage of the transverse colon?

A
  • superior mesenteric vein
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52
Q

True or false: some nerves from the inferior mesenteric plexus may follow anastomoses from the left colic artery in the transverse colon.

A

true

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53
Q

What is the parasympathetic nervous system supply of the ascending colon and right colic flexure?

A

vagal trunks

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54
Q

For the sympathetic nervous system supply of the transverse colon, list the plexuses and the blood vessels involved.

A
  • superior mesenteric plexus
    • will follow right and middle colic arteries
  • inferior mesenteric plexus
    • will follow left colic artery
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55
Q

What is the parasympathetic nerve supply for the transverse colon?

A

vagal trunks

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56
Q

What is the blood supply of the descending and sigmoid colon?

A
  • left colic artery and sigmoid artery
    • which are both branches of inferior mesenteric artery
  • marginal artery
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57
Q

What is the venous drainage of the descending and sigmoid colon?

A
  • inferior meseneteric vein
    • which drains into the splenic vein
      • which drains into the hepatic portal vein
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58
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous system supply of the descending and sigmoid colon?

A
  • inferior mesenteric ganglion
  • pariarterial plexuses on inferior mesenteric artery and its branches
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59
Q

What is the parasympathetic nervous system supply of the descending and sigmoid colon?

A
  • pelvic splanchnic nerves which merge on the inferior hypogastric plexus
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60
Q

Label this diagram.

A
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61
Q

What are the 4 features to know of the large colon?

A
  1. teniae coli
    • thickened bands of longitudinal muscle
  2. haustra
    • pouches
  3. omental appendices
    • small fatty appendices
  4. caliber
    • large diameter of the colon
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62
Q

Label this diagram.

A
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63
Q

Label this diagram.

A
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64
Q
A
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65
Q

On a diagram, label the following: celiac artery, splenic artery, gastroduodenal artery, anterior and posterior pancreaticoduodenal arteries, superior mesenteric artery.

A
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66
Q

On a diagram, label the following: splenic vein, inferior mesenteric vein, hepatic portal vein, superior mesenteric vein.

A
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67
Q

On a diagram, label the following: vagus nerve, greater splanchnic nerve, lesser splanchnic nerve, celiac ganglion, celiac trunk, superior mesenteric ganglion, superior mesenteric artery.

A
  • greater splanchnic nerve is close to the artery
  • lesser splanchnic nerve is further from the artery
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68
Q

On a diagram of the pancreas and duodenum, label the following: uncinate process, head of pancreas, neck of pancreas, body of pancreas, tail of pancreas, bile duct, accesory pancreatic duct, minor duodenal papilla, major duodenal papilla, main pancreatic duct.

A
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69
Q

What is the minor duodenal papilla an opening for?

A

accessory pancreatic duct

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70
Q

What is the major duodenal papilla an opening for?

A
  • ampula
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71
Q

On a diagram of the duodenum and its ducts, label the following: sphincter of the bile duct, spincter of the pancreatic duct, hepatopancreatic ampulla, major duodenal papilla.

A
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72
Q

On a diagram of the liver, label the following: falciform ligament, bare area, portal triad, quadrate lobe, right lobe, left lobe, caudate lobe, left and right sagittal fissures, portal vein and porta hepatis

A
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73
Q

On a diagram of the liver, label the following: falciform ligament, bare area, portal triad, quadrate lobe, right lobe, left lobe, caudate lobe, left and right sagittal fissures, portal vein and porta hepatis

A
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74
Q

Which ligament anchors the liver to the anterior abdominal wall?

A

falciform ligament

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75
Q

Which ligament separates the right lobe from the left lobe?

A

falciform ligament

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76
Q

Which structures are seen in the left sagittal fissure? Which one is seen anteriorly and which one is seen posteriorly?

A
  • round ligament
    • anterior
  • ligamentum venosum
    • posterior
77
Q

What is the round ligament of the liver a remnant of?

A

umbilical vein which carried oxygen from the placenta to fetus

78
Q

What is the ligamentum venosum a remnant of?

A

fetal ductus venosus which shunted blood from the umbilical vein

79
Q

The liver segments are served by which branches of arteries and veins?

A
  • each segment will get a tertiary branch of a hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, and a hepatic duct
    • each segment is supplied by a tertiary branch of the right or left hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein
    • between the segments are where the right and left hepatic vein and middle hepatic vein are found
80
Q

The left gastroepiploic (gastro-omentum) artery is a branch of which artery?

A

splenic artery

81
Q

The right gastroepiploic (gastro-omentum) artery is a branch of which artery?

A

gastroduodenal artery

82
Q

Which arteries provide arterial supply to the esophagus?

A

arterial supply from the esophageal branches of the left gastric artery (branch of the celiac trunk) and left inferior phrenic artery

83
Q

Which veins drain the stomach?

A
  • right and left gastric vein
  • right and left gastroepiploic vein
84
Q

Which veins drain the duodenum?

A
  • superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal veins
85
Q

What is the sympathetic supply of the esophagus including splanchnic nerve and plexus?

A
  • thoracic sympathetic trunk to the greater splanchnic nerve
  • celiac plexus
86
Q

The mixed sympathetic and parasympathetic supply is around the periarterial plexus. Which arteries are involve in this periarterial plexus around the esophagus?

A

periarterial plexuses around the left gastric and left inferior phrenic artery

87
Q

What is the sympathetic suply of the stomach including splanchnic nerve and plexus?

A
  • T5-T9 –> greater splanchnic n. –> celiac plexus
88
Q

Which artery provides blood supply to the jejunum. Explain in terms of arterial arcades and vasa recta and straight arteries.

A
  • superior mesenteric artery –> arterial arcades –> vasa recta –> straight arteries –> jejunum
89
Q

Which vein drains the jejunum and ileum?

A
  • superior mesenteric vein –> arterial arcades –> vasa recta –> straight veins
90
Q

Describe the lacteals and indicate what they absorb.

A
  • lacteals = lymph vessels in the villi
    • that absorb fat soluble vitamins and fats
91
Q

The mixed parasympathetic and sympathetic supply is to which blood vessels (pariarterial plexuses) of the jejunum and ileum?

A
  • superior mesenteric artery
  • arterial arcades
  • vasa recta
  • straight arteries
92
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the cecum and appendix.

A
  • ileocolic and appendicular vein
93
Q

What is the sympathetic supply of the cecum including spinal levels, splanchnic nerve, and plexus?

A
  • superior mesenteric plexus
  • T10, T11, T12 –> lesser splanchnic nerve –> superior mesenteric ganglion
94
Q

The mixed sympathetic and parasympathetic supply of the cecum is found in the periarterial plexuses surrounding which arteries?

A
  • ileocolic artery
  • superior mesenteric artery
95
Q

What is the parasympathetic supply of the duodenum?

A

vagus trunk

96
Q

What is the sympathetic suply of the colon and right colic flexure including spinal levels, splanchnic nerve and plexus.

A
  • superior mesenteric plexus
  • T10, T11, T12 –> lesser splanchnic nerve –> superior mesenteric ganglion
97
Q

The middle colic artery is a branch of which artery?

A

superior mesenteric artery

98
Q

What is the arterial supply of the liver?

A
  • right and left hepatic arteries
  • proper hepatic artery that goes into portal triad
99
Q

On a diagram, label the right hepatic vein, left hepatic vein, middle hepatic vein and inferior vena cava.

100
Q

Which structures are found in the portal triad?

A
  • hepatic portal vein
  • hepatic artery
  • bile duct
101
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous system supply of the liver?

A
  • comes from celiac plexus whihc innervates the hepatic plexus and accompanies branches of the hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein
102
Q

What is the parasympathetic supply of the liver?

A
  • anterior posterior vagal trunks which innervates the hepatic plexus and accompanies branches of the hepatic artery and the hepatic portal vein
103
Q

Which plexus serves the liver and recieves both parasympathetic and sympathetic supply?

A

hepatic plexus

104
Q

On a diagram, label the following: anterior vagal trunk, posterior vagal trunk, celiac ganglion and plexus and hepatic plexus.

105
Q

What is the arterial supply of the gall bladder?

A

cystic artery

106
Q

Which artery does the cystic artery come from?

A

right hepatic artery

107
Q

What is the venous drainage of the gall bladder?

A

cystic veins

108
Q

What is the parasympathetic supply of the gall bladder?

A

vagal trunks

109
Q

The mixed supply of the transverse colon is found in the periarterial plexuses surrounding which arteries?

A
  • middle colic artery
  • right colic arteries via anastemoses
  • left colic artery
110
Q

The left colic and sigmoid arteries are branches of which artery?

A

inferior mesenteric artery

111
Q

Which artery provides collateral circulation and is an anatomical variant?

A

marginal artery

112
Q

The marginal artery is an anastomosis of which artery?

A
  • ileocolic
  • left colic
  • right colic
  • middle colic
  • sigmoid artery
113
Q

The mixed supply of the descending and sigmoid colons are found in the periarterial plexuses surrounding which arteries?

A
  • left colic artery and sigmoid artery
    • which are both branches of inferior mesenteric artery
  • marginal artery
114
Q

What are the parts of the large intestine?

A
  • ascending colon
  • transverse colon
  • descending colon
  • sigmoid colon
  • appendix
  • cecum
  • rectum
  • anal canal
115
Q

What are the features of the large intestine?

A
  1. teniae coli
    • thickened bands of longitudinal muscle
  2. haustra
    • pouches
  3. omental appendices
    • small fatty appendices
  4. caliber
    • large diameter of the colon
116
Q

On a diagram, label the following: appendicular artery, ileocolic artery, right colic artery, middle colic artery, ileocecal valve and ileal orfice, orfice of the appendix, appendicular artery, ileocolic artery, tenia coli.

117
Q

On a diagram, label the following: celiac gangion, superior mesenteric ganglion, lumbar splanchnic nerves, inferior mesenteric ganglion and plexus

118
Q

On a diagram, label the following: ileocolic artery, right colic artery and lymph nodes, middle colic artery, left colic artery, inferior mesenteric artery.

119
Q

On a diagram, label the following: cecum, appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, right colic flexure and left colic flexure.

120
Q

Through which ligaments does the spleen connet to the stomah and kidney?

A

splenorenal ligament

121
Q

How does the spleen connect to the posterior wall of the greater curvature of the stomach?

A

gastrosplenic ligament

122
Q

On a diagram, label the following: gastrosplenic ligament, splenorenal ligament, hilum.

123
Q

Describe the blood supply of the spleen.

A
  • splenic artery
    • branch of the celiac artery or celiac trunk
124
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the spleen.

A
  • splenic vein
    • joined by the inferior mesenteric vein
    • splenic veins unite with superior mesenteric vein to form the hepatic portal vein
125
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous supply of the spleen including the plexus and splanchnic nerve?

A
  • celiac plexus
    • distributed along the splenich artery
      • vasomotor- causes vasoconstriction at the spleen
126
Q

What is the parasympathetic nerve supply of the spleen?

A

vagal trunks

127
Q

Which arteries supply the pancreas and which arteries are they branches of?

A
  • tail of pancreas
    • splenich artery gives rise to pancreatic artery
  • head of pancreas
    • supplied by gastroduodenal artery
      • 2 brances
        • anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
        • posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
    • supplied by superior mesenteric artery
      • 2 branches
        • anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
        • posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
128
Q

What is the venous drainage of the pancreas?

A
  • pancreatic veins drain into the splenic vein
    • most
  • superior mesenteric vein
129
Q

What is the sympathetic nerve supply of the pancreas including splanchnic nerve and plexus?

A
  • two plexuses
    • T5-T9 –> greater splanchnic nerve –> celiac ganglion –> pancreas
    • T10-T12 –> lesser splanchnic nerve –> superior mesenteric ganglion –> pancreas
130
Q

What is the parasympathetic nervous system supply of the pancreas?

A

vagal trunks

131
Q

What is the sympathetic nerve supply of the gallbladder including splanchnic nerve and plexus?

A
  • T5-T9 –> greater splanchnic nerve –> celiac ganglion –> gall bladder
132
Q

On a diagram, label the following: right hepatic duct, left hepatic duct, common hepatic duct, cystic duct, bile duct.

133
Q

Which artery supplies the tail of the pancreas?

A

greater pancreatic artery which is a branch of the splenic artery

134
Q

Head of the pancreas is supplied by which two arteries?

A
  • gastroduodenal artery
  • superior mesenteric artery
135
Q

Which plexuses are involved in the sympathetic innervation of the pancreas and include the splanchnic nerves.

A
  • celiac plexus
    • greater splanchnic nerve
  • superior mesenteric plexus
    • lesser splanchnic nerve
136
Q

Which duct opens at the minor duodenal papilla?

A

acessory pancreatic duct

137
Q

Which structure does the main pancreatic duct merge with?

138
Q

Which structure lies in the left sagittal fissure anteriorly?

A

round ligament

139
Q

Which structure lies in the posterior part of the left sagittal fissure?

A

ligamentum venosum

140
Q

Which struture is the fetal umbilical vein?

A

round ligament

141
Q

What encloses the portal triad?

A

lesser omentum

142
Q

Which parts of the liver are not covered in peritoneum?

A
  • bare area
  • bed of galbladder
  • porta hepatis
143
Q

What connects the liver with the anterior abdominal wall?

A

falciform ligament

144
Q

How many hepatic segments are there?

145
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous system supply of the liver?

A
  • celiac plexus
  • hepatic plexus
146
Q

Which duct does the cystic duct join to form the common bile duct?

A

common hepatic duct

147
Q

WHich lobes do the R and L sagittal fissures in the porta hepatis separate?

A

caudate and quadrate lobes

148
Q

True or false: there is a middle hepatic vein

149
Q

True or false: the hepatic veins join the inferior vena cava

150
Q

True or false: hepatic segments are suplied by tertiary branches; right and left hepatic veins.

151
Q

Which ligament separates the right lobe from the left lobe of the liver?

A

falciform ligament

152
Q

What is the parasympathetic supply of the esophagus?

A

vagal trunks

153
Q

The lymph nodes of the liver drain into which structure?

A

cisterna chyli

154
Q

Which part of the spleen does not contain peritoneum?

155
Q

The left gastric artery is a branch of this artery.

A

celiac trunk

156
Q

The right gastric artery is a branch of this artery

A

common hepatic artery

157
Q

The left gastric artery is a branch of this artery.

A

celiac trunk

158
Q

The right gastric artery is a branch of this artery.

A

common hepatic artery

159
Q

The common hepatic artery is a branch of this artery.

A

celiac trunk

160
Q

The splenic artery is a branch of this artery.

A

celiac trunk

161
Q

The left gastro-omental (gastroepiploic) artery is a branch of this artery.

A

splenic artery

162
Q

The right gastro-omental (gastroepiploic) artery is a branch of this artery.

A

gastroduodenal

163
Q

The gastroduodenal artery is a branch of this artery

A

common hepatic trunk (artery)

164
Q

The superior pancreaticoduodenal artery is a branch of this artery.

A

gastroduodenal artery

165
Q

The proper hepatic artery is a branch of this artery

A

common hepatic artery

166
Q

The cystic artery is a branch of this artery

A

right hepatic artery

167
Q

The vertebral lvel where the esophagus enters the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm.

168
Q

Lymph in the abdominal part of the esophagus drains here.

A

celiac (abdominal) lymph nodes

169
Q

The transition line from esophageal to gastric mucosa.

170
Q

The pyloric antrum meets the pyloric canal here

A

angular incisure

171
Q

This forms in the stomach during swallowing

A

gastric canal

172
Q

The first branch of the abdominal aorta

A

inferior phrenic arteries

173
Q

The second branch of the abdominal aorta

A

celiac trunk

174
Q

The third branch of the abdominal aorta

A

superior mesenteric artery

175
Q

The superior pancreaticoduodenal artery is a branch of this artery

A

gastroduodenal

176
Q

The inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery is a branch of this artery

A

superior mesenteric artery

177
Q

This connects the liver to the anterior wall

A

falciform ligament

178
Q

The remnant of the fetal ductus venosum

A

ligamentum venosus

179
Q

This is found anteriorly in the left sagittal fissure of the liver.

A

round ligament

180
Q

This is found posteriorly in the elft saggital fissure of the liver.

A

ligamentum venosum

181
Q

What is found between the right and left lobes of the liver?

A

falciform ligament

182
Q

List the branches of the superior mesenteric artery.

A
  • middle colic artery
  • right colic artery
  • ileocolic artery
  • inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
183
Q

List the branches of the inferior mesenteric artery.

A
  • left colic
  • superior sigmoid
  • sigmoid
  • superior rectal
184
Q

What three structures make up the portal triad.

A
  • portal vein
  • hepatic artery
  • bile duct
185
Q

Features of the large intestine.

A
  • haustra
  • omental appendices
  • caliber
  • teniae coli
186
Q

What are the lobes of the liver that can be seen on the posterior-inferior view.

A
  • caudate lobe
  • quadrate lobe
  • left lobe
  • right lobe
187
Q

List the organs supplied by the celiac plexus.

A
  • galbladder
  • liver
  • pancreas
  • stomach
  • esophagus
  • spleen
  • adrenal glands
  • small intestine
188
Q

List the structures see on the posterior inferior aspect of the liver.

A
  • inferior vena cava
  • ligamentum venosum
  • round ligament
  • portal triad
    • protein vein
    • hepatic artery
    • bile duct
  • gallbladder
  • caudate process

HN340 Human Anatomy II (7 decks)

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