Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HN340 Human Anatomy II > Lymphoid System > Flashcards

Lymphoid System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the suffix -gen mean?

A

substance that produces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an antigen?

A

a substance that produces an immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What 3 things is the lymphoid system composed of?

A

Lymph

Lymphatic Vessels

Lymphoid organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When you fall and twist your ankle, what causes your ankle to swell up?

A

fluid leaking from the capillaries into the interstitial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When you fall and twist your ankle, what causes the swelling to go down after a few days?

A

the movement of interstitial fluid from the tissues back into the capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 3 components of lymph (fluid that travels within the lymphatic vessels?)

A
  1. interstitial fluid
  2. lymphocytes
  3. macrophages
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of the primary lymphoid structure (thymus gland)?

A
  • differentiation of lymphocytes resulting in
    • T cells
    • B cells
    • NK cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the funtions of secondary lymphoid structures (lymph nodes and tonsils)?

A
  • consist of lymphocytes and more B cells to battle infectious agents
  • lymph nodes = filter the lymph
  • tonsils = fight infections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which two cells are found in the lymph nodes and tonsils?

A
  • lymphocytes
  • b cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the function of the lymph system?

A
  • maintains normal blood volume
  • maintains chemical composition of the interstitial fluid
  • provides an alternative route for the transport of
    • hormones
    • nutrients
    • waste products
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the blood pressure in capillaries?

A

35 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens to solutes and waste when blood pressure is 25 mmHg?

A

forces movement out of plasma into interstitial fluid area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the difference between lymph capillaries and lymphatic ducts?

A
  • small lymphatic vessels = lymphatic capillaries
  • large-diameter lymphatic vessels = lymphatic ducts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the two major lymph-collecting vessels?

A
  1. superficial lymphatics
  2. deep lymphatics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where are the superficial lymphatics and deep lymphatics found?

A

superficial lymphatics

  • subcutaneous layer
  • mucous lining of digestive, respiratory, urinary and reproductive tracts
  • serous lining of pleural, pericardial and peritoneal cavities

deep lymphatics

  • skeletal muscles and tissues of neck, limbs, and trunk
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How are lymphatic trunks formed?

A

from the convergence of superficial and deep lymphatic vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the five major lymphatic trunks?

A

“Lymph Jauntily Stops Blossoming Infections”

  1. lumbar trunks
  2. interstinal trunks
  3. bronchomediastinal trunks
  4. subclavian trunks
  5. jugular trunks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What structure does the lymphatic trunks drain into?

A

lymphatic ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which structures do the lymphatic ducts drain into?

A
  • subclavian vein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the pathway of lymph drainage starting with the lymph capillaries?

A

lymph capillaries –> superficial and deep lymph vessels –> lymphatic trunks –> lymphatic ducts –> subclavian vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which structure is the begining of the thoracic duct?

A

cisternae chyli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where does the cisterna chyli collect lymph from?

A
  • left and right lumbar trunks
  • intestinal trunks
  • left bronchomediastinal trunk
  • left subclavian trunk
  • left jugular trunk
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where does the thoract duct drain into?

A
  • left subclavian vein
    • drains lymph inferior to diaphragm
    • drains lymph from the left arm, left side of the torso, left side of the neck, and left side of the head
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where does the right lymphatic duct drain into?

A
  • right subclavian vein
    • drains lymph from right arm, right side of toroso, right side of neck, and right side of head
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Where does the right lymphatic duct collect lymph from?

A
  • right bronchomediastinal trunk
  • right subclavian trunk
  • right jugular trunk
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

______ are the primary cells of the lymphoid system

A

lymphocytes

27
Q

What do lymphocytes respod to?

A
  • invading bacteria and viruses
  • abnormal body cells such as cancer cells
  • foreign proteins such as toxins released by some bacteria
28
Q

What are the 3 types of lymphocytes?

A
  1. T cells (thymus-dependent cells)
  2. B cells (bone marrow - derived cells)
  3. NK cells (natural killer cells)
29
Q

Where are lymphocytes formed?

A

bone marrow

30
Q

Which gland matures some of the lymphocytes and which hormone activates the process?

A

gland

  • thymus

activated by

  • thymosin (immunocompetent)
31
Q

Explain the difference between T cells and B cells in terms of where each matures.

A
  • B-cell is more of an antibody response
    • originate and become immunocompetent in the bone marrow
  • T-cell is more of a direct response
    • originate in bone marrow but travel to thymus gland and become activated by thymosin
32
Q

What are the 4 types of T cells?

A

cytotoxic T cells

  • “warrior of the immune system”
  • kill off antigens we come across

helper T cells

  • coordinate immune response

suppressor T cells

  • coordinate immune response by stopping immune response from continuing indefinitely

memory T cells

  • become activated if the same antigen appears in the body at a later date
33
Q

Which cells stop the immune system response?

A) helper T cell

B) cytotoxic T cell

C) suppressor T cell

D) memory T cell

A

C

34
Q

What are the types of B cells and their functions?

A

Plasmocytes

  • produce antibodies that react with antigens
  • antibodies are called immunoglobulins

Memory B cells

  • become activated if the same antigen appears at a later date
35
Q

What is the other term of NK cells and what do NK cells attack?

A

NK cells = immunological surveillance cells

  • because they are looking for foreign cells

attack

  • foreign cells
  • normal cells infected with viruses
  • cancer cells
36
Q

Which cell attacks cancer cells?
A) T cell

B) B cell

C) NK cell

D) none of the above

A

C

37
Q

What is the difference between cell-mediated immunity and anti-body mediated immunity?

A

cell-mediated immunity

  • direct cell-to-cell attack
  • cellular immunity

antibody-mediated immunity

  • blood is main transport of antibodies
  • humoral immunity
38
Q

Which cells produce antibodies?

A

B cells - specifically plasmocytes

39
Q

Which cell produces antibodies?

A) B cell

B) macrophages

C) T cell

D) NK cell

A

B cell

40
Q

Which cell activates the B cell to start producing antibodies?

A) cytotoxic T cell

B) suppressor T cell

C) helper T cell

D) memory T cell

A

C

41
Q

What is the sequence of events involved in the immune response to a bacterial antigen?

A

1) macrophages activated by antigen
2) macrophages will phagocytize the foreign substance
3) macrophages will present the antigen to the specific T cells
4) T cells begin to divide to produce cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, and memory T cells
5) The cytotoxic T cells will kill the bacterial agent directly
6) The helper T cells will activate B cells
7) B cells will begin producing antobodies against bacterial antigens
8) Antibodies will bind to bacterial antigens
9) antigen-antibody combination will attract leukocytes
10) leukocytes will kill bacteria

42
Q

_______ is lymphocyte production

A

lymphopoiesis

43
Q

What are the 3 types of nodules?

A
  • Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
    • in areas of body where there is mucosa
      • eye, skin GI tract
  • Tonsils (palate)
  • Aggregated lymphoid nodules
    • Peyer’s patches (small intestine)
    • appendix
44
Q

What are the names of the 5 tonsils?

A
  • one pharyngeal tonsil
  • two palatine tonsils
    • when you open mouth
  • two lingual tonsils
    • side of tongue
45
Q

What are the characteristics of lymph nodes?

A
  • 1 to 25 mm in diameter
  • scattered throughout the body but high concentrations can be found in
    • cervical region (neck)
    • axillary region (armpit)
    • breasts
    • abdominal region
    • inguinal region (groin)
46
Q

Which structures are considered lymphoid organs?

A
  • lymph nodes
  • thymus gland
  • spleen
47
Q

Which areas have a high concentration of lymph nodes?

A
  • where body is more susceptible to injury or invasion
48
Q

What is the distribution of lymphoid tissues and lymph nodes?

A

cervical

axillary

popliteal

inguinal

thoracic

abdominal

intestinal

mesenterial

49
Q

What are the features of the thymus?

A
  • lies posterior to manubrium of sternum
  • reaches greatest size by puberty
  • diminishes in size after puberty
  • consists of two thymic lobes (L and R)
  • consists of numerous lobules (about 2mm in width) separated by septa
  • consists of a cortex and medulla
    • cortex
      • mature T cells migrate to medulla and wait to be released in circulation
    • medulla
      • t cells remain inactive until they enter circulation
      • thymic corpuscles
50
Q

What are the features of the spleen?

A
  • largest lymphoid organ (12 cm in length)
  • located on left edge of stomach
  • consists of the following areas or regions
    • diaphragmatic surface
    • visceral surface (gastric and renal area)
  • consists of
    • capsule
    • red pulp (contains large quantities of blood - erythrocytes and platelets)
      • if losing blood, spleen would release these contents
      • spleen is site of death of RBC
    • white pulp
      • forms lymphoid nodules
51
Q

What is the largest lymphoid organ?

A

spleen

52
Q

The ________ connects the stomach and the kidney

A

spleen

53
Q

List the sequence the structures lymph drains into.

A

lymph capillaries –> superficial and deep lymph vessels –> lymphatic trunks –> lymphatic ducts –> subclavian vein

54
Q

Name the cells involved in cell-mediated immunity and their specific function.

A

cytotoxic T cells - kill antigens

55
Q

List the sequence of events in humoral-mediated immunity.

A
  • B cells encounter and bind to an antigen
  • B cell respond to antigen by proliferating
  • Other B cells differentiate into plasma cells
  • plasma cells secrete antibodies into the blood
56
Q

List the stages of lymph cell production.

A
57
Q

Which duct does the right lumbar trunk drain into?

A

thoracic

58
Q

Which cells stop the immune response?

A

suppressor cell

59
Q

Which cells are the immunological surveillance cells?

A

natural killer cells

60
Q

Which cells produce antibodies?

A

B-cell - in particular, the plasmacytes

61
Q

What is the name for lymph tissue around our mucosa?

A

MALT

62
Q

What is the name for the lymph nodes associated with the small intestine?

A

Peyer’s patches

63
Q

WHen superficial and deep lymphatic vessels converge, what do they form?

A

lymphatic trunk

HN340 Human Anatomy II (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions