Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards
What is the function of the autonomic nervous system?
- functions outside of conscious awareness
- makes routine adjustments in our body’s system
- regulates body temperature
- coordinates cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, excretory and reproducive functions
What axons does the autonomic system innervate?
visceral organs
What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system and their other names?
Sympathetic division
- “fight or flight”
- thoracolumbar division
Parasympathetic division
- “rest and repose”
- craniosacral
What is the result of sympathetic activation?
- increased metabolism and alertness
What is the result of parasympathetic activation?
- energy conservation
Where do nerves synapse in the sympathetic division?
- thoracic and upper lumbar nerves synapse in ganglia near the spinal cord
Where do nerves of the parasympathetic division synapse?
- near target organ
For the sympathetic division, which neurotransmitters are released by both preganglionic and postganglionic fibers and their effects.
- preganglionic fibers release acetylcholine
- stimulatory effect
- postganglionic fibers release norepinephrine
- stimulatory
For the parasympathetic division, which neurotransmitters are released by both preganglionic and postganglionic fibers and their effects.
- preganlionic fibers release acetylcholine
- stimulatory
- postganglionic fibers release acetylcholine
- inhibitory
The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are similar in that both their preganglionic fibers release _______.
acetylcholine
True or false: Postganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system are always close to the target and postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system are always far from target organs (i.e. close to spinal cord)
true
Which ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system are located anterior to the vertebral column.
collateral ganglia
What does the sympathetic division consist of?
- preganglionic nurons between T1 and L2
- ganglionic neurons near vertebral columns
- sympathetic chain ganglia
- lateral
- collateral ganglia
- anterior
- sympathetic chain ganglia
- specialized neurons in interior of suprarenal gland
Where are the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system located?
lateral gray horns of spinal segments T1 and L2
What are the effectors of sympathetic chain ganglia?
body wall, head, neck, limbs, and thoracic cavity
What are the effectors of the collateral ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system?
abdominopelvic cavity
How does the adrenal gland respond to sympathetic stimulation?
- releasing acetylcholine (stimulatory) from preganglionic fibers
- releasing norepinephrine (stimulatory) from postganglionic fibers
What is the order of output of sympathetic chain ganglia?
- preganglionic neurons in lateral gray hones in spinal segments sent preganlionic fibers to ganglia near the spinal cord where preganglionic fibers release ACh (excitatory) stimulating ganglionic neurons which sent postganglionic fibers to target organs where NE is rleased at neuroeffector junctions and cause the fight or flight response