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HN340 Human Anatomy II > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What structures make up the right border of the heart?

A
  • superior vena cava
  • right brachiocephalic vein
  • right atrium
  • inferior vena cava
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2
Q

What structures make up the left border of the heart?

A
  • aorta
  • pulmonary trunk
  • left auricle
  • left ventricle
  • extrapericardial fat
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3
Q

Identify the following on diagrams of the heart: arch of aorta or aortic knob, apex of the heart, boarders, pulmonary trunk, auricles, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, atria, ventricles, left and right vagus nerves, left and right recurrent laryngeal nerve, left and right phrenic nerves, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, brachiocephalic trunk, right and left common carotid arteries, right and left subclavian arteries, apex, azygous vein.

A
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4
Q

Identify the following on diagrams of the heart: arch of aorta or aortic knob, apex of the heart, boarders, pulmonary trunk, auricles, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, atria, ventricles, left and right vagus nerves, left and right recurrent laryngeal nerve, left and right phrenic nerves, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, brachiocephalic trunk, right and left common carotid arteries, right and left subclavian arteries, apex, azygous vein.

A
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5
Q

What are the layers of the heart?

A
  • epicardium - outer layer
    • fibrous pericardium
    • serous pericardium
  • mycoardium - middle layer
  • endocardium - inner layer
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6
Q

Which layer of the heart is the visceral layer of serous pericadium found in?

A

epicardium

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7
Q

Which layer of the heart lines the valves?

A

endocardium

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8
Q

Where are pectinate muscles found?

A
  • right atrium
  • left auricle
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9
Q

Where are trabeculae carnae muscles found?

A
  • left ventricle
  • right ventricle
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10
Q

Which structure do all the veins of the heart drain into?

A

coronary sinus

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11
Q

Where does blood from the coronary sinus drain into?

A

right atrium

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12
Q

Where is the oval fossa located? What is it a remnant of?

A
  • located next to cornoary sinus
  • fetal remnant
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13
Q

A “hole in the heart” occurs when the ______ does not properly close which causes a mxing of deoxygenated blood with oxygenated blood.

A

foramen ovale

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14
Q

Identify: superior vena cava, pectinate muscles, oval fossa, inferior vena cava, opening of the coronary sinus, conus arteriosus, supraventricular crest, tendinous cords, anterior, posterior and septal papillary muscles, septo-marginal trabecula (moderator band)

A
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15
Q

Identify the interatrial septum and right atriventricular orfice

A
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16
Q

What does the supraventricular crest separate?

A
  • texture change from rigid ventricular wall to upper conus arteriosus
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17
Q

Describe the location of the conus arteriosus (infundibulum)

A

superior part of the RV that leads to pulmonary trunk

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18
Q

Describe the relationship and function of the tendinous cords and papillary muscles.

A
  • tendinous cords attach to the papillary muscles and to the edges of the cusp on the ventricular side
  • cords tighten to draw the cusp together and close the valve
    • prevents regurgitation of blood back into the atrium
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19
Q

Describe the location of the septo-marginal rabecula. What does it carry? Where does it extend from and to?

A
  • curved band that prevents overexpansion of thin-walled right ventricle
  • runs from inferior part of the interventricular septum to the base of the anterior papillary muscle
  • carries part of the right AV bundle which is part of the conduction system of the heart
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20
Q

Distinguish on diagrams the tricuspid from the bicuspid valve. When the valves are closed, are the tendinous cords loose or tight?

A
  • tendinous cords are tight
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21
Q

Where is the oval fossa located? Where is the foramen ovale located?

A
  • valve of foramen ovale is seen at left atrium
  • oval fossa (indendation) is located at right atrium
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22
Q

Identify on a diagram the following: pectinate muscles, left auricle, pulmonary veins, valve of the foramen ovale, mitral valve, left ventricle

A
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23
Q

Identify: cusp of aortic valve, anterior cusps of the mitral valve, anterior papillary muscle, trabeculae carnae, posterior cusp of mitral valve, tendinous cords

A
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24
Q

List the features of each chamber of the heart.

A
  • right atrium
    • characterized by pectinate muscles
    • oval fossa seen
  • left atrium
    • valve of foramen ovale seen
    • smooth wall
    • thicker than the right
    • forms most of the base of the heart
  • right ventricle
    • walls made up of carnae trabeculae
    • pulmonary (semilunar) valve
  • left ventricle
    • forms apex of heart
    • has mitral valve/bicsupid valve
25
Q

Distinguish between the posterior and anterior cusp

A
26
Q

True or false: the aortic valve is at the beginning of the ascending aorta

A

true

27
Q

Which structure does the azygous vein drain into?

A

superior vena cava

28
Q

Which structure prevents overexpansion of the thin walled right ventricle?

A
  • septomarginal trebeculae (moderator band)
29
Q

Which structure prevents overexpansion of the heart?

A

pericardium

30
Q

What are the valves (inner lining of the heart) made of?

A

endothelium

31
Q

Which structure do all of the veins drain into?

A

coronary sinus

32
Q

Which structures contain pectinate muscles?

A
  • left auricle
  • right atrium
33
Q

Identify: SA nodal branch, right coronary artery, atrioventricular nodal branch of RCA, right marginal branch of RCA, left coronary artery, circumflex branch of LCA, anterior interventricular branch of LCA, left marginal artery, lateral branch of anterior, posterior interventricular branch

A
34
Q

Identify: SA nodal branch, right coronary artery, atrioventricular nodal branch of RCA, right marginal branch of RCA, left coronary artery, circumflex branch of LCA, anterior interventricular branch of LCA, left marginal artery, lateral branch of anterior, posterior interventricular branch

A
35
Q

Which arteries are found in the coronary sulcus?

A
  • right coronary artery
  • circumflex branch of LCA
36
Q

Which artery is found in the posterior interventricular groove?

A
  • posterior interventricular artery
37
Q

Describe the crux of the heart

A

where the coronary sulcus and posterior interventricular sulcus meet

38
Q

Where do septal branches come from?

A

posterior interventricular artery

39
Q

Identify: anterior cardiac veins, coronary sinus, small cardiac vein, great cardiac vein, middle cadiac vein, left marginal vein, left posterior ventricular vein

A
40
Q

Where do the smallest cardiac veins drain into?

A

coronary sulcus then to RA

41
Q

Where does the anterior cardiac vein drain into?

A

directly in right atrium

42
Q

Where do the smallest cardiac veins drain into?

A

coronary sinus

43
Q

Which vein runs in the coronary sinus?

A
  • great cardiac vein
    • left
  • middle and small cardiac vein
    • right
44
Q

Which veins drain into the coronary sinus?

A
  • posterior vein of left ventcile
  • middle cardiac vein
  • small cardiac vein
45
Q

Which veins drain into the left and right sides of the coronary sinus?

A
46
Q

Describe the sympathetic innervation of the heart.

A

SNS presynaptic fibers –> thoracic sympathetic trunk –> SA/AV Nodes and cardiac plexus

  • increased HR
  • dilation of coronary arteries
47
Q

True or false: the cardiac plexus is involved in the innervatino of the heart.

A

true

48
Q

Which spinal levels are involved in sympathetic innervation of the heart?

A

T1-T5/T6 lateral horns

49
Q

Describe the sympathetic and parasympathetic effects of the heart.

A
  • Sympathetic
    • increased HR
    • dilation of coronary arteries
  • Parasympathetic
    • decreased HR
    • vasoconstriction of coronary arteries
    • reduces force of contraction
50
Q

Where are the parasympathetic ganglia located?

A
  • near AV and SA nodes and along the coronary arteries
51
Q

List and identify on a diagram the branches of the thoracic aorta.

A
52
Q

List the branches of the right coronary artery, left coronary artery, and circumflex artery.

A
53
Q

List the left dominant heart, right dominant heart, and codominant heart. Indicate the percentage of the population which has each variation.

A
  • right dominant heart
    • posterior interventricular artery is supplied by right coronary artery
    • 70%
  • left dominant heart
    • posterior interventricular artery is supplied by the circumflex artery
    • 10%
  • codominant heart
    • posterior interventricular artery is supplied by both the right coronary artery and circumflex artery
    • 20%
54
Q

Where do the anterior cardiac veins drain?

A

right atrium

55
Q

In what percentage of people do teh right coronary artery supply the AV node?

A

80%

56
Q

True or false: The right coronary artery supplies SA nodes in 60% of the people.

A

true

57
Q

Dilation of the coronary arteries is a function of the SNS or PNS?

A

SNS

58
Q

Left marginal artery is a branch of which artery?

A

circumflex branch of left coronary artery

HN340 Human Anatomy II (7 decks)

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