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History > Midterm Study Guide (SWITCH Q+A!) > Flashcards

Midterm Study Guide (SWITCH Q+A!) Flashcards

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1
Q

The longitude line at 0 degrees is called the…

A

Prime meridian

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2
Q

The time before people wrote down records of events that occurred is known as…

A

Prehistory

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3
Q

The technique used to determine the age of organic artifacts less than 50,000 years old is called…

A

Carbon dating

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4
Q

The latitude line at 0 degrees is called the…

A

Equator

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5
Q

When did hominids first appear on Earth? What about modern humans?

A

Hominids: 3.5-4 million years ago.

Modern Humans (homo sapiens): 150,000-200,000 years ago.

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6
Q

What was the most likely reason early humans migrated?

A

Following game animals for food.

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7
Q

What did humans do differently between the Paleolithic Era and the Neolithic Era?

A

Instead of being nomadic + hunter-gatherers, they began permanent farming settlements.

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8
Q

Archaeologists

A

Archaeologists study bones, fossils, and artifacts TO LEARN ABOUT PEOPLE.

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9
Q

Paleontologists

A

Paleontologists study fossils/time periods

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10
Q

Anthropologists

A

Anthropologists study primarily artifacts to LEARN ABOUT CULTURE.

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11
Q

Civilization Requirements

A

Complex institutions, Advanced cities, Improved technology, Record-keeping, and Specialized workers.
CAIRS

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12
Q

In what types of regions did the first civilizations develop in, and why did they develop there?

A

First civilizations developed in river valleys, mostly because they provide water (especially important for farming), and transportation.

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13
Q

The Fertile Crescent contains which 4 ancient civilizations/empires?

A

Babylon, Akkad, Ur, and Sumer

BAUS

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14
Q

What did the Zhou Dynasty do?

A

The Zhou Dynasty claimed the “Mandate of Heaven”, which gave theme the right to overthrow the Shang Dynasty.

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15
Q

The South Asian subcontinent (?,?) is separated from the rest of Asia by ?.

A

India and Pakistan, The Himalaya Mountains

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16
Q

When did the Egyptians build the pyramids and why?

A
  • The pyramids were built during the Old Kingdom (~2500 BC)

- They were built as tombs for pharaohs.

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17
Q

What kingdom was located south of/trade with Egypt along the Nile River?

A

Kush (modern-day Sudan in N. Africa0

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18
Q

Ziggurat

A

The type of temple built by the Sumerians to worship their gods.

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19
Q

Who were some important Mesopotamian leaders?

A
  1. Sargon of Akkad (1st Empire)

2. Hammurabi (Written law code)

20
Q

Polytheism

A

The worship of more than one god.

21
Q

Monotheism

A

The worship of one god

22
Q

What types of writing were used in each river valley civilization?

A
  1. Cuneiform- Mesopotamia
  2. Hieroglyphics- Egypt
  3. Writing (not yet deciphered)- Indus Valley
  4. Writing- China
    MEIC
23
Q

Theocracy

A

The form of government that is closely tied to religion.

24
Q

Name the rivers that were important for each “River Valley Civilization”.

A
  1. Mesopotamia > Tigris + Euphrates Rivers
  2. Egypt > Nile River
  3. India > Indus River
  4. China > Huang He + Chang Jiang (Yangtze) Rivers.
    MEIC
25
Q

What NATURAL BOUNDARIES kept China relatively isolated in the early ages of civilization there?

A

Seas, Mountains, Oceans, and Deserts.

SMOD

26
Q

Mediterranean Sea

A

Early trading civilizations of the Middle East bordered on this important body of water.

27
Q

What aspect of Phoenician culture did other civilizations adopt?

A

The Phonetic Alphabet

28
Q

What were the most important aspects of Persian civilization?

A
  1. Tolerance for conquered people
  2. Road System- Royal Road
  3. Bureaucracy- Structure + set of rules > control people
  4. Zoroastrianism- Monotheism (1 god)
    TRBZ
29
Q

Who were the Minoans and Mycenaeans? How were they related, and how did they affect the development of “Classical” Greek civilization?

A
  • The Minoans + Mycenaeans were early settlers in the region in + around Greece.
  • Minoans influenced Mycenaeans influenced Greeks.
  • writing system> core of larp >
30
Q

Who came first, Minoans or Mycenaeans?

A

The Minoans

31
Q

How did geography impact the development of Greece?

A
  1. Need for Trade: Location near the seas, lack of fertile soil.
  2. City-states: Mountains, islands.
32
Q

Polis means…

A

A Greek city-state. They weren’t politically unified, and jostled for power + land.

33
Q

Sparta’s society was based on…

A

Military, strength, and discipline.

MSD

34
Q

How are Athens + Sparta different?

A

Athens: MATD.
Sparta: Oligarchy, Rigid social structure, Militaristic and aggressive society.

35
Q

How are Athens + Sparta similar?

A

Religion (polytheistic), Education, and Language.

36
Q

Who fought in the Persian Wars? What happened?

A

Greece vs. Persia > Greece defeated Persia, and Athens became the most powerful city-state in Greece.

37
Q

Who was Pericles? Importance?

A
  1. Leader of Athens during its “Golden Age”.
  2. Opened gov’t to more people, Built up the Athenian Navy, Led the Delian league, and Commissioned the Parthenon.
    GANDC
  3. Legacy = Direct Democracy.
38
Q

Who fought in the Peloponnesian War? What was the outcome?

A
  1. Athens vs. Sparta > Sparta won, but all the city-states were weakened, opening Greece to invasion by the Macedonians several decades later.
39
Q

What major regions were conquered by Philip 2 and Alexander the Great?

A

Greece, Egypt, Persia, Indus Valley, and Anatolia

GEPIA

40
Q

Socrates

A

A philosopher that taught that the way to seek truth is through a series of questions + answers.

41
Q

Plato

A

Wrote a book called “The Republic” and started a school called the “Academy”.

42
Q

The Iliad and the Odyssey were both stories told by ?, who lived during the time of the ? in Greece.

A

Homer (blind storyteller that composed epics), Dorians (1,150 BC- 750 BC)

43
Q

The gov’t of Athens was usually regarded as the first ?.

A

Democracy

44
Q

Difference between Hellenic + Hellenistic? How does Alexander the Great fit in?

A
  1. Hellenic- only Greek.
  2. Hellenistic- blend of GEPI (Greece, Egypt, Persia, and Indian influences).
  3. Alexander the Great’s conquest of those regions led to cultural diffusion.
45
Q

Descriptions of the 3 types of columns often used in Greek architecture.

A
  1. Doric: Plain
  2. Ionic: Scrolls
  3. Corinthian: Fancy

History (16 decks)

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