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History > 7. The Muslim World > Flashcards

7. The Muslim World Flashcards

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1
Q

Fatimid caliphate

A
  • Formed by Shia Muslims who claimed descent from Muhammed’s daughter Fatima.
  • Caliphate that began in North Africa
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2
Q

Ibn Rushd

A
  • He blended Islam with Plato’s ideas.
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3
Q

Pilgrimage

A
  • All Muslims perform hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) at least once.
  • Wear identical clothing to appear equal b4 Allah
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4
Q

Abbasids, what did they do?

A
  • Most powerful rebel group to overthrow Umayyads + take control of empire
  • Relocated Muslim capital to Baghdad in order to keep power and move closer to trade routes.
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5
Q

What’s a holy city that’s important to Jews, Muslims, and Christians?

A
  • Jerusalem
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6
Q

Shari’a

A
  • Law that assembles the guidance of Qur’an + Sunna
  • Regulates life + moral conduct
  • Requires Muslim leaders to be very tolerant towards Christians and Jews.
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7
Q

Al-Khwarizmi

A
  • Mathematician born in Baghdad.

- Wrote algebra textbook

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8
Q

What’s the House of Wisdom?

A
  • A library, academy, & translation center in Baghdad.

LAT

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9
Q

Hajj

A
  • Pilgrimage to Mecca
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10
Q

Fasting/ Ramadan

A
  • During Ramadan, fast from dawn-sunset. Simple meal @ end of day.
  • Reminds Muslims spiritual needs > physical needs.
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11
Q

Scheherazade

A
  • She married King Shahryar, and told him fascinating stories for 1001 nights, until he realized he loved her and didn’t kill her.
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12
Q

Islam spread through __ to __ + __.

A

Islam spread through trade to Asia & Africa

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13
Q

Treatment of conquered ppl

A
  • Allowed to follow own religion bc no forced conversion

- Christ. + Jews paid poll tax 4 exemption from military duties

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14
Q

Islam teachings

A
  • Main teaching= Only 1 god Allah

- There’s good + evil, and everyone’s responsible for actions of their life.

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15
Q

Córdoba

A
  • Umayyad capital

- City in Spain

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16
Q

Who and where did the last caliph live?

A
  • The last caliph, Abbasids, lived in Baghdad.
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17
Q

What’re the 4 Muslim society classes?

A
  1. Upper class Muslims @ birth
  2. Islam converts
  3. Protected people: Christian, Jews, and Zoroastrians
  4. Slaves: Prisoners of war + non- Muslims
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18
Q

Al- Razi

A
  • A Persian scholar and Great Muslim physician
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19
Q

Alms

A
  • Money for the poor thru a special religious tax

- Social responsibility

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20
Q

How do Muslims view Allah + Jesus in relation to Christianity + Jews?

A
  • Allah= same God

- Jesus= prophet

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21
Q

2 things Islam, Christ., and Judaism have in common?

A
  • All believe in heaven + hell & day of judgement

- All trace ancestry > Abraham

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22
Q

Prayer

A

-5x/day, Muslims pray facing Mecca anywhere

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23
Q

Faith

A
  • Testify w/ statement: Allah= only God, & Muhammed= Allah’s messenger
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24
Q

Terrain of Arabian Peninsula?

A
  • Mostly desert
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25
Q

Fatimid capital

A
  • Cairo
26
Q

Umma

A
  • Muslim religious community
27
Q

Sunna

A
  • Muhammed’s example on how to apply Qur’an > life
28
Q

Muslim scholars believed what was the basis of all knowledge?

A

Muslim scholars believed math was the basis of all knowledge.

29
Q

Who’s Muhammed?

A
  • Founder + Prophet of Islam
  • Married Khadijah, a businesswoman
  • Died in 632
30
Q

Damascus

A
  • Large city in Syria
31
Q

3 cultural contributions of Islamic civilizations?

A
  • Literature (poems)
  • Art + Architecture (calligraphy, geo patterns, and arabesque designs).
  • Philosophy
    LAP
32
Q

What 2 things did Umayyads do & why?

A
  • Moved Muslim capital to Damascus, so easier to control conquered territories.
  • Simple life > Lavish one
33
Q

Shi’a / Shiites

A
  • Resisted Umayyad rule bc caliph must be descendant from Muhammed.
34
Q

Role of Women

A
  • Expected to submit to men, but equal to men.
35
Q

Qur’an

A
  • Muslim holy book

- Written in Arabic, unifying language of Islam.

36
Q

Scientific Contributions?

A
  • Scientific observation & experimentation.

- Muslim scientists preferred to solve problems by conducting experiments in labs.

37
Q

Arabian Peninsula at the crossroads of __, ___, & __.

A

Africa, Europe, and Asia

38
Q

Muslims from ___ a.k.a. __ advanced 200 miles of ___ before stopped at the Battle of Tours.

A
  • Muslims from North Africa a.k.a. Berbers advanced north to 200 miles of Paris before stopped @ Battle of Tours
39
Q

What did Islamic Civilization preserve?

A
  • Islamic civilization preserved Roman civilization after Byzantine.
40
Q

Dome of the Rock

A
  • Located in Jerusalem, and is the earliest surviving Islamic monument
  • 3rd most holy place in Islam.
  • Rock: place Muhammed went to heaven to learn of Allah’s will.
41
Q

What + Where’s Ka’aba?

What did Qur’an assoc. Ka’aba with?

A
  • During holy months, religious pilgrims went to worship @ this ancient shrine in Mecca.
  • The Qur’an assoc. Ka’aba w/ Abraham, believer of 1 God + a prophet
42
Q

Islam meaning

A
  • Submission to the will of Allah
43
Q

Abbasid capital city

A
  • Baghdad
44
Q

Muslim meaning

A
  • One who has submitted
45
Q

The land network connected __+__ w/ __+__

A

The land network connected Silk Roads of China + India w/ Europe + Africa

46
Q

Astrolabe

A
  • Astronomical tool, helped calculate time, celestial events, and position.
  • Where they were in relation to Mecca
47
Q

Jihad meaning + refers to what 2 things?

A
  • Means striving

- Refers to inner struggle against evil & an armed struggle against unbelievers

48
Q

Sunni

A
  • Followers of Muhammed’s example (Sunna)
49
Q

Why did the Muslim community become divided into Sunnis + Shiites?

A
  • Because of Umayyad family actions
50
Q

Where was the spread of Islam stopped?

A
  • Battle of Tours
51
Q

The 2 major sea-trade networks

A
  • The 2 major sea-trading networks are the Mediterranean Sea + Indian Ocean
52
Q

Caliph

A
  • Successor/ deputy
53
Q

When’s Ramadan?

A
  • The 9th month of the Islamic calendar June-July ish
54
Q

Maimonides

A
  • A Jewish physician & philosopher that wrote “The Guide for the Perplexed”.
  • Blended philosophy, religion, and science
55
Q

Hijrah

A
  • The migration Muhammed + supporters took after followers attacked.
  • From Mecca > Yathrib/ Medina.
56
Q

Sufi

A
  • Rejected luxury to pursue life of poverty + devotion to a spiritual path
57
Q

Ulama

A
  • Scholar class including religious teachers
58
Q

Where’s Mecca?

A
  • City in Western Arabia
59
Q

Allah

A
  • God in Arabic
60
Q

Symbol of Islam

A
  • Crescent + star

(*

61
Q

5 Pillars of Islam

A
  • Faith, Prayer, Alms, Fasting, and Pilgrimage.
  • 5 duties in order to be a Muslim

For Prayer Andy Faded Pies

62
Q

What’s the largest group/ faction in Islam?

A
  • Sunni is the largest group/ faction in Islam

History (16 decks)

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