7. The Muslim World Flashcards
Fatimid caliphate
- Formed by Shia Muslims who claimed descent from Muhammed’s daughter Fatima.
- Caliphate that began in North Africa
Ibn Rushd
- He blended Islam with Plato’s ideas.
Pilgrimage
- All Muslims perform hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) at least once.
- Wear identical clothing to appear equal b4 Allah
Abbasids, what did they do?
- Most powerful rebel group to overthrow Umayyads + take control of empire
- Relocated Muslim capital to Baghdad in order to keep power and move closer to trade routes.
What’s a holy city that’s important to Jews, Muslims, and Christians?
- Jerusalem
Shari’a
- Law that assembles the guidance of Qur’an + Sunna
- Regulates life + moral conduct
- Requires Muslim leaders to be very tolerant towards Christians and Jews.
Al-Khwarizmi
- Mathematician born in Baghdad.
- Wrote algebra textbook
What’s the House of Wisdom?
- A library, academy, & translation center in Baghdad.
LAT
Hajj
- Pilgrimage to Mecca
Fasting/ Ramadan
- During Ramadan, fast from dawn-sunset. Simple meal @ end of day.
- Reminds Muslims spiritual needs > physical needs.
Scheherazade
- She married King Shahryar, and told him fascinating stories for 1001 nights, until he realized he loved her and didn’t kill her.
Islam spread through __ to __ + __.
Islam spread through trade to Asia & Africa
Treatment of conquered ppl
- Allowed to follow own religion bc no forced conversion
- Christ. + Jews paid poll tax 4 exemption from military duties
Islam teachings
- Main teaching= Only 1 god Allah
- There’s good + evil, and everyone’s responsible for actions of their life.
Córdoba
- Umayyad capital
- City in Spain
Who and where did the last caliph live?
- The last caliph, Abbasids, lived in Baghdad.
What’re the 4 Muslim society classes?
- Upper class Muslims @ birth
- Islam converts
- Protected people: Christian, Jews, and Zoroastrians
- Slaves: Prisoners of war + non- Muslims
Al- Razi
- A Persian scholar and Great Muslim physician
Alms
- Money for the poor thru a special religious tax
- Social responsibility
How do Muslims view Allah + Jesus in relation to Christianity + Jews?
- Allah= same God
- Jesus= prophet
2 things Islam, Christ., and Judaism have in common?
- All believe in heaven + hell & day of judgement
- All trace ancestry > Abraham
Prayer
-5x/day, Muslims pray facing Mecca anywhere
Faith
- Testify w/ statement: Allah= only God, & Muhammed= Allah’s messenger
Terrain of Arabian Peninsula?
- Mostly desert
Fatimid capital
- Cairo
Umma
- Muslim religious community
Sunna
- Muhammed’s example on how to apply Qur’an > life
Muslim scholars believed what was the basis of all knowledge?
Muslim scholars believed math was the basis of all knowledge.
Who’s Muhammed?
- Founder + Prophet of Islam
- Married Khadijah, a businesswoman
- Died in 632
Damascus
- Large city in Syria
3 cultural contributions of Islamic civilizations?
- Literature (poems)
- Art + Architecture (calligraphy, geo patterns, and arabesque designs).
- Philosophy
LAP
What 2 things did Umayyads do & why?
- Moved Muslim capital to Damascus, so easier to control conquered territories.
- Simple life > Lavish one
Shi’a / Shiites
- Resisted Umayyad rule bc caliph must be descendant from Muhammed.
Role of Women
- Expected to submit to men, but equal to men.
Qur’an
- Muslim holy book
- Written in Arabic, unifying language of Islam.
Scientific Contributions?
- Scientific observation & experimentation.
- Muslim scientists preferred to solve problems by conducting experiments in labs.
Arabian Peninsula at the crossroads of __, ___, & __.
Africa, Europe, and Asia
Muslims from ___ a.k.a. __ advanced 200 miles of ___ before stopped at the Battle of Tours.
- Muslims from North Africa a.k.a. Berbers advanced north to 200 miles of Paris before stopped @ Battle of Tours
What did Islamic Civilization preserve?
- Islamic civilization preserved Roman civilization after Byzantine.
Dome of the Rock
- Located in Jerusalem, and is the earliest surviving Islamic monument
- 3rd most holy place in Islam.
- Rock: place Muhammed went to heaven to learn of Allah’s will.
What + Where’s Ka’aba?
What did Qur’an assoc. Ka’aba with?
- During holy months, religious pilgrims went to worship @ this ancient shrine in Mecca.
- The Qur’an assoc. Ka’aba w/ Abraham, believer of 1 God + a prophet
Islam meaning
- Submission to the will of Allah
Abbasid capital city
- Baghdad
Muslim meaning
- One who has submitted
The land network connected __+__ w/ __+__
The land network connected Silk Roads of China + India w/ Europe + Africa
Astrolabe
- Astronomical tool, helped calculate time, celestial events, and position.
- Where they were in relation to Mecca
Jihad meaning + refers to what 2 things?
- Means striving
- Refers to inner struggle against evil & an armed struggle against unbelievers
Sunni
- Followers of Muhammed’s example (Sunna)
Why did the Muslim community become divided into Sunnis + Shiites?
- Because of Umayyad family actions
Where was the spread of Islam stopped?
- Battle of Tours
The 2 major sea-trade networks
- The 2 major sea-trading networks are the Mediterranean Sea + Indian Ocean
Caliph
- Successor/ deputy
When’s Ramadan?
- The 9th month of the Islamic calendar June-July ish
Maimonides
- A Jewish physician & philosopher that wrote “The Guide for the Perplexed”.
- Blended philosophy, religion, and science
Hijrah
- The migration Muhammed + supporters took after followers attacked.
- From Mecca > Yathrib/ Medina.
Sufi
- Rejected luxury to pursue life of poverty + devotion to a spiritual path
Ulama
- Scholar class including religious teachers
Where’s Mecca?
- City in Western Arabia
Allah
- God in Arabic
Symbol of Islam
- Crescent + star
(*
5 Pillars of Islam
- Faith, Prayer, Alms, Fasting, and Pilgrimage.
- 5 duties in order to be a Muslim
For Prayer Andy Faded Pies
What’s the largest group/ faction in Islam?
- Sunni is the largest group/ faction in Islam
