6. Byzantine + Russia Test Flashcards
When + by whom was Constantinople named the new capital?
- Constantinople was named the new capital in AD 330, by Constantine.
When + by whom was Constantinople conquered?
- It was conquered by the Ottomans Turks in 1453. (Muslim).
What was the Western Church called?
- Roman Catholic Church
What was the Eastern church called?
- Eastern Orthodox Church
Similarities between the East. + West. church?
- Faith is based on the gospel of Jesus + the Bible.
- Sacraments (visible signs of something sacred) like baptism used.
- Religious Leaders = priests + bishops
- Seek > convert ppl.
FSRS
Roman Catholic Differences
- Services conducted in Latin.
- Pope = ultimate authority
- Priests can’t marry
- Divorce isn’t allowed
SUAPD
Eastern Orthodox Differences
- Services conducted in Greek/local languages.
- Emperor = ultimate authority.
- Priests can marry
- Divorce allowed under certain conditions.
SUAPD
How did Byzantine culture spread thru Russia?
- By sending missionaries and trading w/ Slavs > Russian culture
What was the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire?
- The capital of the Eastern Roman Empire = Byzantium (Turkey).
Byzantine Emperors
- Ruled with absolute power.
- Headed state + church
- Appointed + dismissed bishops.
Justinian Code
- J setup a panel to comb thru 400 yrs of Roman law to create a single uniform code.
- Regulated areas of Byzantine life like marriage, slavery, property, women’s rights
Justinian’s Code 4 works
- Code, Digest, Institutes, and Novellue (new laws).
Justinian’s Code- Code
- ~5,000 Roman laws still considered useful 4 the Byzantine Empire
Justinian’s Code - Digest
- Quoted + summarized the opinions of Rome’s greatest legal thinkers abt. the law
Justinian’s Code- Institutes
- Textbook > told law students how to use the law
Justinian’s Code - Novellue
- New laws
- Presented legislation passed after 534.
Hagia Sophia
- Holy Wisdom, a Christian church.
Hippodrome
- Greek 4 horse + racecourse
- Provided free entertainment (chariot races)
Nika Rebellion
- In 532, 2 fan groups from Hippodrome rioted + yelled Nika/ Victory
- Felt officials 2 severe in putting down prev. riot, and demanded Justinian overthrow
Emperor Heraclius
- Reorganized empire along military lines.
- Provinces > themes/ military districts
- Each theme ran by General
St. Basil
- Wrote rules for the life of monks.
- Believed ppl shouldn’t be showy.
St. John Chrysostom
- Bishop of Constantinople + patriarch of the east.
Patriarch
- Leading bishop
- Highest church official
Iconoclast Controversy
- In 730, Emperor Leo 3 banned icon use. But Pope in West supported it.
Icons
- Religious images used by Eastern Christians to aid in devotions
Excommunication
- Declaring an emperor to be an outcast from the church’s
What 2 things did St. Methodius + St. Cyril do?
- Worked among Slavs + invented alphabet 4 Slavic languages
Cyrillic alphabet
- Many Slavic languages (including Russian) written in it.
Where does the Silk Road end?
Byzantine
Why do we remember Justinian?
- For his reform of the law (Justinian’s code)
Justinian’s ruling style.
- Autocrat: sole ruler w/ complete authority
- Had power over the church
What helped J run the empire?
- A bureaucracy: Nonelective gov’t officials that make important decisions
Theodora, J’s wife
- Advocate for women and the poor
What did Byzantine act as?
- Byzantine acted as a buffer state, protecting Western Europe from tough invaders
While the rest of Europe wasn’t doing well, Byzantine’s flourished bc of
- While the rest of Europe wasn’t doing well, Byzantine’s flourished bc of TRADE + AN EFFECTIVE BUREAUCRACY.
Who rules in east vs west?
- West: Pope rules
- East: Emperor rules
Emperor’s role in church?
- Controls church affairs + appoints patriarch.
East’s opinion on icons
- The East hated + banned icons for a while, led to 1054 Schism
1054 Schism
- Permanent split between East + West churches
What did Byzantine Heritage combine?
- Byzantine heritage combined Christian beliefs with Greek science + culture
Where is Constantinople?
- Istanbul
The primary chronicle
History of Russia written by monks
Princess Olga
- In 957, she visited Constantinople + converted to Christianity
Vladimir
- Olga’s grandson, converts to Byzantine Christianity w/ subjects
What did Yaroslave do to the empire?
- Instead of giving the throne to eldest, he splits up empire for sons, causing fights.
The Crusades
- Clashes between Christians + Muslims 4 control of Holy Lands in the Middle East, starting in 1095.
Genghis Khan
- Founder + leader of Mongols.
Batu Khan
- Genghis’s grandson, he and Mongols rekt Kiev in 1240.
Mongol Rule
- Peaceful/ tolerant as long as you pay w/ peace & $.
Alexander Nevsky
- A Novgorod prince + military hero, he advised fellow princes to cooperate with Mongols
Moscow’s Prince Ivan
- In late 1320s, Prince Ivan crushes Russian revolt, and is appointed tax collector + named “Grand Prince”.
- Secretly backstabbed Mongols by convincing Kiev Patriarch to move to Moscow, and enlarging territory around Moscow
Ivan 3
- Prince of Moscow, challenged Mongol rule, and claimed czar name
Czar
- The Russian version of Caesar
Rurik
- The Slavs invited the Viking chief Rurik to be king, and he founded Novgorod in 852.
In ___, a high ranking nobleman named ___ succeeded his uncle to the throne.
In 527, a high ranking nobleman named JUSTINIAN succeeded his uncle to the throne.
When did Justinian die?
Justinian died in 565.
Byzantine’s influence on Russia (2)
- Byzantine sent missionaries to the Slavs
2. Byzantine traded w/ them
The blending of __ + __ traditions eventually produced Russian culture
The blending of SLAVIC and GREEK traditions eventually produced Russian culture
Byzantine art
Mosaics
The Byzantine empire preserved…
The Byzantine empire preserved Greek/Roman culture
Yaroslave the Wise
- In 1019, Vladimir’s son becomes ruler
- He marries off fam, created a legal code, and built first library in Kiev
Byzantine’s surrounded on ___ by ___ ___ ___.
Byzantine’s surrounded on 3 sides by cliffs over water
