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History > 4a. Ancient Greece > Flashcards

4a. Ancient Greece Flashcards

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1
Q

What was Greek mythology based on?

A

It was based an a polytheistic religion (1+ god) that was integral to culture, politics, and art in Ancient Greece.

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2
Q

Point of Mythology?

A

Offered explanations of natural phenomena, human qualities, and life events.

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3
Q

Citizenship?

A
  • Free adult males had political rights + the responsibility of civic participation in government.
  • Women, foreigners, and slaves had no political rights.
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4
Q

Tyrants who worked for reform?

A
  • Draco (Draconian)

- Solon (right to jury, 4 economic classes)

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5
Q

Sparta

A
  • Oligarchy
  • Rigid social structure
  • Militaristic + aggressive society
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6
Q

Who was in the Persian wars, and who won?

A
  1. Greeks vs. Persians

2. Greeks defeated the Persian empire and preserved their political independence.

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7
Q

Competition between Sparta + Athens for control of Greece led to..?

A

The Peloponnesian War

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8
Q

When did the Persian wars take place? What happened? Where did it begin?

A
  • 499-449 B.C.
  • United Athens and Sparta against the Persian Empire.
  • Began in Ionia on the coast Anatolia.
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9
Q

Athenian victories over the Persians @ ? + ? left Greeks in control of ?. How did this help Athens?

A
  • Athenian victories over the Persians at Marathon and Salamis left Greeks in control of the Aegan Sea.
  • It helped strengthen Athens and preserve its independence
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10
Q

When did the Peloponnesian War take place? Cause and Effect?

A
  • The Peloponnesian War took place in 431-404 B.C.
  • Caused by competition for control of the Greek world: Athens+Delian League vs. Sparta+Peloponnesian League.
  • Set up invasions by Philip (Alexander’s father)
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11
Q

Definition of polis

A

A city and its surrounding countryside. They weren’t politically unified, and jostled for power and land.

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12
Q

Definition of acropolis.

A

A fortified hilltop. Where citizens gathered to discuss city government.

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13
Q

What was the Delian League?

A
  • 150 city states under leadership of Athens.
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14
Q

What was the Peloponnesian League?

A
  • Sparta + Peloponnesians
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15
Q

Hellenistic Culture

A

Greek, Egyptian, Persian, and Indian culture. Koine was spoken.

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16
Q

Archimedes

A

Scientist that estimated pi and explained law of the lever

17
Q

What was Ancient Greece? Terrain?

A

A mountainous peninsula jutting out into the Mediterranean Sea. Plus 2,000 islands in Aegan and Ionian Sea. Rugged mountains not a lot of good farmland.

17
Q

Draco

A

A nobleman. In 621 B.C., developed legal code that said all Athenians were equal under law. He allowed debt slavery.

18
Q

Solon

A

Came to power in 594 B.C., outlawed debt slavery. Organized citizens into 4 social classes based on wealth. Right to jury. Everyone could participate in Athenian govt.

19
Q

Xerxes

A

Darius the Great’s son and successor. Defeated Athens.

20
Q

Golden Age of Athens

A
  • 477 to 431 B.C.

- Growth in intellectual and artistic learning.

21
Q

Herodotus

A

Pioneered the accurate reporting of events. His book on the Persian wars is considered the first work of history.

22
Q

Thucydides

A

Believed that certain events and political situations recur over time.

23
Q

3 Greek columns

A
  1. Doric: Plainest
  2. Ionic: Scrolls
  3. Corinthian: Fancy
24
Q

Parthenon

A

Greek temple dedicated to Athena

25
Q

Early Greeks- Minoans

A
  • First early Greeks that lived on the island Crete.
26
Q

Early Greeks order

A

Minoans, Mycenaeans, Dorians

27
Q

Early Greeks- Mycenaeans

A
  • Indo-Europeans that settled in southern Greece
28
Q

How did Greek terrain affect Greece? (3 factors)

A
  1. Land: Mountains separated city states and prevented them from unifying + prevented trade
  2. Sea: Living by the Mediterranean spurred overseas trade and transportation
  3. Climate: Nice weather supported outdoor life + crops
28
Q

Oligarchy

A

Gov’t ruled by a few powerful people

29
Q

Helots

A

Peasants forced to stay o the land they worked by Spartans

30
Q

Pantheon

A

Roman temple dedicated to all the Roman gods

31
Q

Phalanx

A

Greek fighting formation

32
Q

Who won the Peloponnesian war?

A

Sparta

History (16 decks)

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