4a. Ancient Greece Flashcards
What was Greek mythology based on?
It was based an a polytheistic religion (1+ god) that was integral to culture, politics, and art in Ancient Greece.
Point of Mythology?
Offered explanations of natural phenomena, human qualities, and life events.
Citizenship?
- Free adult males had political rights + the responsibility of civic participation in government.
- Women, foreigners, and slaves had no political rights.
Tyrants who worked for reform?
- Draco (Draconian)
- Solon (right to jury, 4 economic classes)
Sparta
- Oligarchy
- Rigid social structure
- Militaristic + aggressive society
Who was in the Persian wars, and who won?
- Greeks vs. Persians
2. Greeks defeated the Persian empire and preserved their political independence.
Competition between Sparta + Athens for control of Greece led to..?
The Peloponnesian War
When did the Persian wars take place? What happened? Where did it begin?
- 499-449 B.C.
- United Athens and Sparta against the Persian Empire.
- Began in Ionia on the coast Anatolia.
Athenian victories over the Persians @ ? + ? left Greeks in control of ?. How did this help Athens?
- Athenian victories over the Persians at Marathon and Salamis left Greeks in control of the Aegan Sea.
- It helped strengthen Athens and preserve its independence
When did the Peloponnesian War take place? Cause and Effect?
- The Peloponnesian War took place in 431-404 B.C.
- Caused by competition for control of the Greek world: Athens+Delian League vs. Sparta+Peloponnesian League.
- Set up invasions by Philip (Alexander’s father)
Definition of polis
A city and its surrounding countryside. They weren’t politically unified, and jostled for power and land.
Definition of acropolis.
A fortified hilltop. Where citizens gathered to discuss city government.
What was the Delian League?
- 150 city states under leadership of Athens.
What was the Peloponnesian League?
- Sparta + Peloponnesians
Hellenistic Culture
Greek, Egyptian, Persian, and Indian culture. Koine was spoken.
Archimedes
Scientist that estimated pi and explained law of the lever
What was Ancient Greece? Terrain?
A mountainous peninsula jutting out into the Mediterranean Sea. Plus 2,000 islands in Aegan and Ionian Sea. Rugged mountains not a lot of good farmland.
Draco
A nobleman. In 621 B.C., developed legal code that said all Athenians were equal under law. He allowed debt slavery.
Solon
Came to power in 594 B.C., outlawed debt slavery. Organized citizens into 4 social classes based on wealth. Right to jury. Everyone could participate in Athenian govt.
Xerxes
Darius the Great’s son and successor. Defeated Athens.
Golden Age of Athens
- 477 to 431 B.C.
- Growth in intellectual and artistic learning.
Herodotus
Pioneered the accurate reporting of events. His book on the Persian wars is considered the first work of history.
Thucydides
Believed that certain events and political situations recur over time.
3 Greek columns
- Doric: Plainest
- Ionic: Scrolls
- Corinthian: Fancy
Parthenon
Greek temple dedicated to Athena
Early Greeks- Minoans
- First early Greeks that lived on the island Crete.
Early Greeks order
Minoans, Mycenaeans, Dorians
Early Greeks- Mycenaeans
- Indo-Europeans that settled in southern Greece
How did Greek terrain affect Greece? (3 factors)
- Land: Mountains separated city states and prevented them from unifying + prevented trade
- Sea: Living by the Mediterranean spurred overseas trade and transportation
- Climate: Nice weather supported outdoor life + crops
Oligarchy
Gov’t ruled by a few powerful people
Helots
Peasants forced to stay o the land they worked by Spartans
Pantheon
Roman temple dedicated to all the Roman gods
Phalanx
Greek fighting formation
Who won the Peloponnesian war?
Sparta
