5. Ancient Rome Flashcards
In reality, men chose to build the city there for its
In reality, men chose to build the city there for its location on ITALIAN PENINSULA and FERTILE SOIL for farming
Who were the first Romans?
From 1,000- 500 BC, LEG (Latins, Etruscans, and Greeks) lived there.
Latins early settlers
Latins built original settlements at Rome, a cluster of wooden huts atop 1/7 hills, Palatine Hill.
Where were Etruscans native to? Skills? Influence on Roman civilization?
Etruscans were native to northern Italy.
They were skilled engineers + metalworkers.
Influenced Roman civilization through the alphabet and architecture.
Forum
The heart of Roman political life and a gov’t building.
Tarquin the Proud
The last king of Rome/tyrant. Driven from power in 509 BC.
Plebeians
The common FAM (farmers, artisans, and merchants) who were the majority of the population.
Citizens of Rome with a right to vote.
Tribunes
Representatives that plebeians elected to protect their rights from salty patricians.
Twelve Tables
In 451 BC, 10 officials carved Rome’s laws onto 12 tablets. Basis for later Roman law. Est. idea that all free citizens were protected by the law.
Consuls
In Republican gov’t, 2 officials that controlled the army and directed the gov’t.
Senate
Aristocratic branch of Rome’s gov’t, 300 members from upper class, legislative and adminis. functions.
A3LAF
Dictator
Leader= absolute power to make laws + command army. lasted for 6 months
Legions
The large military units Roman soldiers were organized in.
Romulus + Remus
Twin sons of God Mars and Latin princess. Founded Rome in 753 BC.
Pax Romana. Time period?When did it end?
Rome’s golden age (peace+prosperity) under Augustus from 27 BCE- 180 CE.
Ended w/ Marcus Aurelius
First Triumvirate
Caesar- consul
Crassus- rich patrician
Pompey- general (later rekt by J)
Carthage
City in Tunisia - North Africa
Punic Wars span, cause + effect
Spanned from 264 BCE - 146 BCE.
Caused by rivalry over Sicily.
Effect was Carthage rekt + Rome master of Mediterranean
Hannibal
He was a Carthage general, and led army through Alps, and invaded the Italian Peninsula in the 2nd Punic War 10 years.
The New Testament
Accounts of life + teachings of Jesus, and early Christian writings.
Apostles, Example of 1?
12 men whom carried the message of Christianity throughout Rome.
- Church =
2. Church loyalty ___ Emperor loyalty
Church = moral authority
Church loyalty > Emperor loyalty.
Effects of church?
Unified Western Europe, but rekt the Western Roman Empire lmao GG.
Influence of Latin on Roman power.
United different cultures w/ 1 common language.
Increased Roman power by increasing the power of the Roman ppl.
Diocletian
Split the Roman Empire into 2
What happened in 476 CE?
Romulus the last emperor overthrown by Germanic leader Odoacer = 1st barbarian to rule Rome.
Eastern Roman Empire
East: Spoke Greek + Eastern Orthodox Church (GASE - Greece, Anatolia, Syria, Egypt).
Western Roman Empire
West: Spoke Latin + Roman Catholic
GIBS - Gaul, Italy, Britain Spain
Influences on Roman art + arch.
Art of conquered ppl, Etruscans, ancient Egypt * other places Rome bordered.
Attila
Leader of the Huns, attacked both empires, but east safe ish
Pax Romana
Made travel and the exchange of ideas fairly safe, spread Christianity
Where did Octavian defeat Cleopatra and MA?
31 BC naval battle @ Actium
Paul
Apostle, > vision = spent life spreading Christianity
Peter
1st bishop + pope
Nicene Creed
Defined basic beliefs of the Church
Virgil
Poet wrote the Aeneid, vvv serious
Ovid
Wrote poetry for enjoyment, vvv fun
Livy
Wrote history of Rome
Tacitus
Historian that presented facts accurately
Arches
Supported bridges and aqueducts.
Second Triumvirate
Octavian- JC grandnephew
Mark Antony- general
Lepidus- politician (O forced him to retire GG).
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
Purposes reforms limiting estate size + giving land > poor.
General Scipio
Attacked Carthage to bait Hannibal, and defeated him at Zama
Location of Rome
Italian peninsula close to the Mediterranean Sea
Who did the Roman Republic end with?
The Roman Republic ended with Julius Caesar and then Octavian (Augustus)
Fall of the Western Roman Empire (4 effects)
- Long Process
- Civil wars, inflation, moral decay bc of mercenaries, invasions
Where did Christianity begin?
- Rome and it grew from Judaism
Roman Architectural contributions
Arches, aqueducts, and domes
Romance languages
French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, and Romanian
Fred scooped pecans into receptacles
Latin use and effect
Latin was the language of the Romans, and developed into the Romance languages (Rome)
Principles of Roman law
- Equal treatment under the law
- Innocent until proven guilty
- Burden of proof resend with accused rather than accuses
- Only actions not thoughts punishable
Mercenaries
Foreign soldiers that fought for money
Constantine
Roman Emperor that…
- Approved Christianity with the Edict of Milan
- Reunited the two empires and moved the eastern capital city to the Greek city of Byzantium (Constantinople)
