midterm review - additional FOCUS

Question 1

what is a foramen magnum

Answer 1

the largest opening/foramen where the spinal cord goes through

Question 2

what do the external and internal pterygoid muscles do

Answer 2

external - depresses mandible to open jaw
internal - closes the jaw

Question 3

what do sinuses do and their names

Answer 3

sinuses provide mucus, makes bones lighter and provides resonence

maxillary sinus - largest
frontal sinuses
ethmoid sinus
sphenoid sinus

Question 4

what are the ducts in the mouth

Answer 4

whartons duct - under tongue
stensons duct - side of cheek

Question 5

what are the 3 types of tonsils

Answer 5

nasopharyngeal - found in nasopharynx
palatine tonsils - in between anterior and posterior pillars of fauces
lingual tonsils - in back of tongue

Question 6

what do the palatine tonsils do

Answer 6

closes off the nasal pharynx to ensure food doesnt go into the nose

Question 7

what is the vestibule

Answer 7

space between the teeth and inner mucosal lining of the lips and cheeks

Question 8

what is the oral cavity proper

Answer 8

area inside of the dental arches

Question 9

what are the different types of bone

Answer 9

periosteum - dense membrane made of white connective tissue

compact bone - hard, dense outer layer of bone

cancellous bone - made of spongy, bony spicules

Question 10

what is the anatomic crown

Answer 10

portion of the tooth covered in enamel (whole tooth including the roots)

Question 11

what is the clinical crown

Answer 11

portion of the tooth visible in the mouth

Question 12

what are the odontoblasts and cementoblasts

Answer 12

cementoblasts - cells that form cementum
odontoblasts - cells that form dentin

Question 13

what are parts of the pulp

Answer 13

• pulp horns
• coronal pulp
• accessory canal
• radicular canal
• apical foramen

Question 14

what is the nerve in the incisive papilla

Answer 14

nasopalatine nerve

Question 15

why is the gingival sulcus iportant

Answer 15

determines overall health of gingiva, detects periodontal disease

Question 16

difference between line angle and point angle

Answer 16

line angle - where two tooth surfaces meet
point angle - where three or more surfaces meet to a point

Question 17

where are the cusps or carabelli

Answer 17

max first molars

Question 18

what is the difference between eruption and exfoliation

Answer 18

eruption - when teeth come out and sho through the gingiva

exfoliation - when the teeth fall out

Question 19

what are the diastema and primate spaces

Answer 19

diastema is the space between two teeth
primate spaces are spaces between every primary teeth

Question 20

what are the classes of occlusion

Answer 20

class I - overcrowding or spacing
class II - div 1, overbite and anteriors protrude facially, div 2, overbite and laterals overlap centrals
class III - underbite

Question 21

what is immunity

Answer 21

resistance to infection

Question 22

what is osteosarcoma

Answer 22

malignant tumour that involves the bone

Question 23

what is Bell palsy

Answer 23

paralysis of facial nerve

Question 24

what is the difference between bruxism and abrasion

Answer 24

bruxism - involuntary griding or clenching of teeth
abrasion - abnormal wearing away of tooth structure

Question 25

what are tori

Answer 25

bony overgrowth of the palate or the mandible

Question 26

what is anodontia

Answer 26

condenitally missing teeth - usually the third molars or laterals - premolars

Question 27

what is candidiasis

Answer 27

yeast infection in the mouth

Question 28

what is glossitis

Answer 28

inflammation of the tongue

Question 29

what is the difference of sterilizationl and disinfection

Answer 29

sterilization - process that kills all microorganisms disinfection - kills all disease-causing microorganisms but not all microbial life

Question 30

difference between indicators and integrators

Answer 30

indicators - placed outside of instrument packages before sterilization integrators - placed inside instruments packages

Question 31

what type of water goes into autoclaves

Answer 31

distilled water

Question 32

what is another name for bleach

Answer 32

sodium hypochlorite

Question 33

what are the different types of sterilizers

Answer 33

flash sterilization - without bag steam autoclave - hot steam unsaturated chemical vapour - chemicals and water vapour dry heat - heats up air ethylene oxide - gas liquid chemical sterilants

Question 34

types of occupational exposure

Answer 34

- needle stick injury - cuts - blood contact with mucous membrane

Question 35

what are MSDS sheets

Answer 35

contains health and safety information about all chemicals in the office

Question 36

whats on a chemical label

Answer 36

- pictograms - signal word - hazard statement - precautionary statement - product identifier - supplier

Question 37

what are the different sizes of film

Answer 37

0 - children under 3 1 - anterior teeth for adults 2 - posterior teeth 3 - bitewings 4 - max and mand arches

Question 38

difference between radiolucent and radiopaque

Answer 38

radiolucent - body structures that radiation that can easily pass through radiopaque - body structures that radiation does not easily pass through

Question 39

difference between bitewings and periapicals

Answer 39

bitewings - shows the crown of teeth, height of alveolar crest, interproximal spaces periapicals - shows the crowns of the teeth and the apex of the root

Question 40

what are ethics

Answer 40

moral standards of conduct; rules or principles autonomy - self governance nonmaleficence - do no harm beneficence - do good justice - fairness veracity - truthfulness

Question 41

what is dental juris prudence

Answer 41

law of dentistry

Question 42

what is malpractice

Answer 42

profesisonal negligence

Question 43

difference between acts of omission and comission

Answer 43

omission - you said you were going to do something commission - you did something

Question 44

what is the purpose of licensure

Answer 44

keeps incompetent people out of the professions

Question 45

what is galvanic action

Answer 45

shock that occurs when two metals that are unalike touch each other

Question 46

what is microleakage

Answer 46

a restoration that has shrunk or breaks away from tooth causing saliva and bacteria to leak into restoration

Question 47

what is provisional

Answer 47

a temporary restoration

Question 48

what is the smear layer

Answer 48

debris that occurs when teeth that are shaved down and covers the dentinal tubules

Question 49

desiccate

Answer 49

over drying of the tooth

Question 50

difference in macro, micro and hybrid composites

Answer 50

macro - has larger particles and is used for restorations that absorb higher stress micro - appears nicer and particles are smaller usually used for anteriors hybrid - mix of larger sized particles and smaller

Question 51

what is micromechanical retention

Answer 51

glues one material to another - like composite

Question 52

what are the different types of curing

Answer 52

light curing auto curing self curing

Question 53

why do people faint in dental office

Answer 53

fainting dur to anxiety

Question 54

what is normal heart rate

Answer 54

60-100

Question 55

difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressures

Answer 55

systolic - first sound heard when listening to heart beat , usually from the ventricles diastolic - second sound heard when listening to heart, relaxation and dialation of heart chambers

Question 56

common causes of xerostomia

Answer 56

medication and radiation

Question 57

what does AED stand for

Answer 57

automated external defibrillators

Question 58

what makes a document legal

Answer 58

date and signature

Question 59

when do medical alerts need to be palced

Answer 59

allergy and medications

Question 60

when is clinical examination form completed

Answer 60

after the first initial appointment

Question 61

informed consent

Answer 61

consent given for a larger procedure

Question 62

what handpiece needs to be attached to a motor

Answer 62

lowspeed

Question 63

what is the order to produce xrays

Answer 63

plug machine in turn on the switch adjust kvp and ma press exposure button electrical current goes from extension arm to xray tubehead anoide side produces protons and shoots it to cathode side and hits tungsten target leaves lead collimator into pid

Question 64

what are dosimeter badges

Answer 64

determines the amount of radiation you have been exposed to

Question 65

what is the range of milliampere

Answer 65

7-15 mA

Question 66

what is the range of kvp

Answer 66

85-100 kvp

Question 67

how much radiation hits the tungsten target and produces heat to radiation

Answer 67

99% heat 1% radiation

Question 68

what is phlangyoma

Answer 68

a finger in an xray due to someone holding film in mouth with finger

Question 69

what is the cbct`

Answer 69

a three dimensional form of xray that rotates around the patient cone beam computed tomography

Question 70

what is the ccd

Answer 70

charge-coupled device - a solid state image sensor

Question 71

why is digital better than analogue

Answer 71

less exposure of radiation