midterm review - additional FOCUS Flashcards
what is a foramen magnum
the largest opening/foramen where the spinal cord goes through
what do the external and internal pterygoid muscles do
external - depresses mandible to open jaw
internal - closes the jaw
what do sinuses do and their names
sinuses provide mucus, makes bones lighter and provides resonence
maxillary sinus - largest
frontal sinuses
ethmoid sinus
sphenoid sinus
what are the ducts in the mouth
whartons duct - under tongue
stensons duct - side of cheek
what are the 3 types of tonsils
nasopharyngeal - found in nasopharynx
palatine tonsils - in between anterior and posterior pillars of fauces
lingual tonsils - in back of tongue
what do the palatine tonsils do
closes off the nasal pharynx to ensure food doesnt go into the nose
what is the vestibule
space between the teeth and inner mucosal lining of the lips and cheeks
what is the oral cavity proper
area inside of the dental arches
what are the different types of bone
periosteum - dense membrane made of white connective tissue
compact bone - hard, dense outer layer of bone
cancellous bone - made of spongy, bony spicules
what is the anatomic crown
portion of the tooth covered in enamel (whole tooth including the roots)
what is the clinical crown
portion of the tooth visible in the mouth
what are the odontoblasts and cementoblasts
cementoblasts - cells that form cementum
odontoblasts - cells that form dentin
what are parts of the pulp
- pulp horns
- coronal pulp
- accessory canal
- radicular canal
- apical foramen
what is the nerve in the incisive papilla
nasopalatine nerve
why is the gingival sulcus iportant
determines overall health of gingiva, detects periodontal disease
difference between line angle and point angle
line angle - where two tooth surfaces meet
point angle - where three or more surfaces meet to a point
where are the cusps or carabelli
max first molars
what is the difference between eruption and exfoliation
eruption - when teeth come out and sho through the gingiva
exfoliation - when the teeth fall out
what are the diastema and primate spaces
diastema is the space between two teeth
primate spaces are spaces between every primary teeth
what are the classes of occlusion
class I - overcrowding or spacing
class II - div 1, overbite and anteriors protrude facially, div 2, overbite and laterals overlap centrals
class III - underbite
what is immunity
resistance to infection
what is osteosarcoma
malignant tumour that involves the bone
what is Bell palsy
paralysis of facial nerve
what is the difference between bruxism and abrasion
bruxism - involuntary griding or clenching of teeth
abrasion - abnormal wearing away of tooth structure
what are tori
bony overgrowth of the palate or the mandible
what is anodontia
condenitally missing teeth
- usually the third molars or laterals
- premolars
what is candidiasis
yeast infection in the mouth
what is glossitis
inflammation of the tongue
what is the difference of sterilizationl and disinfection
sterilization - process that kills all microorganisms
disinfection - kills all disease-causing microorganisms but not all microbial life
difference between indicators and integrators
indicators - placed outside of instrument packages before sterilization
integrators - placed inside instruments packages
what type of water goes into autoclaves
distilled water
what is another name for bleach
sodium hypochlorite
what are the different types of sterilizers
flash sterilization - without bag
steam autoclave - hot steam
unsaturated chemical vapour - chemicals and water vapour
dry heat - heats up air
ethylene oxide - gas
liquid chemical sterilants
types of occupational exposure
- needle stick injury
- cuts
- blood contact with mucous membrane
what are MSDS sheets
contains health and safety information about all chemicals in the office
whats on a chemical label
- pictograms
- signal word
- hazard statement
- precautionary statement
- product identifier
- supplier
what are the different sizes of film
0 - children under 3
1 - anterior teeth for adults
2 - posterior teeth
3 - bitewings
4 - max and mand arches
difference between radiolucent and radiopaque
radiolucent - body structures that radiation that can easily pass through
radiopaque - body structures that radiation does not easily pass through
difference between bitewings and periapicals
bitewings - shows the crown of teeth, height of alveolar crest, interproximal spaces
periapicals - shows the crowns of the teeth and the apex of the root
what are ethics
moral standards of conduct; rules or principles
autonomy - self governance
nonmaleficence - do no harm
beneficence - do good
justice - fairness
veracity - truthfulness
what is dental juris prudence
law of dentistry
what is malpractice
profesisonal negligence
difference between acts of omission and comission
omission - you said you were going to do something
commission - you did something
what is the purpose of licensure
keeps incompetent people out of the professions
what is galvanic action
shock that occurs when two metals that are unalike touch each other
what is microleakage
a restoration that has shrunk or breaks away from tooth causing saliva and bacteria to leak into restoration
what is provisional
a temporary restoration
what is the smear layer
debris that occurs when teeth that are shaved down and covers the dentinal tubules
desiccate
over drying of the tooth
difference in macro, micro and hybrid composites
macro - has larger particles and is used for restorations that absorb higher stress
micro - appears nicer and particles are smaller usually used for anteriors
hybrid - mix of larger sized particles and smaller
what is micromechanical retention
glues one material to another
- like composite
what are the different types of curing
light curing
auto curing
self curing
why do people faint in dental office
fainting dur to anxiety
what is normal heart rate
60-100
difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressures
systolic - first sound heard when listening to heart beat , usually from the ventricles
diastolic - second sound heard when listening to heart, relaxation and dialation of heart chambers
common causes of xerostomia
medication and radiation
what does AED stand for
automated external defibrillators
what makes a document legal
date and signature
when do medical alerts need to be palced
allergy and medications
when is clinical examination form completed
after the first initial appointment
informed consent
consent given for a larger procedure
what handpiece needs to be attached to a motor
lowspeed
what is the order to produce xrays
plug machine in
turn on the switch
adjust kvp and ma
press exposure button
electrical current goes from extension arm to xray tubehead
anoide side produces protons and shoots it to cathode side and hits tungsten target
leaves lead collimator
into pid
what are dosimeter badges
determines the amount of radiation you have been exposed to
what is the range of milliampere
7-15 mA
what is the range of kvp
85-100 kvp
how much radiation hits the tungsten target and produces heat to radiation
99% heat
1% radiation
what is phlangyoma
a finger in an xray due to someone holding film in mouth with finger
what is the cbct`
a three dimensional form of xray that rotates around the patient
cone beam computed tomography
what is the ccd
charge-coupled device
- a solid state image sensor
why is digital better than analogue
less exposure of radiation
