clinical dentistry Flashcards
what are areas of the dental office
front office/reception
operatories
sterilization
dentists private room
dental staff lounge
consultation room
what are the components of dental unit
- patient dental chair
- operators stool
- dental assistants stool
- dental unit
- oral evacuation equipment
- curing light
- amalgamator
- dental rad unit
what does the patient dental chair do
supports the patients knees, bottom, lumbr region of back and head
- can be upright, supine and subsupine
what does the operators stool do
type of stool designed to support the body for long periods
what does the dental assistants stool do and what its for
it is a type of stool that must provide stability, mobility, and comfort, to allow proper fatigue-reducing posture
what does the dental unit provide
provides necessary electrical and air operated mechanics to hoses, attachmments, etc
what is a rheostat
a foot controlled device on floor that controls handpieces
what do waterlines do
carry water through air-water syringe and dental handpiece
what is an air-water syringe
- delivers streams of water
- delivers streams of air
- delivers combined spray of air and water
what is an operating light
illuminates the oral cavity during dental procedures
whats an oral evacuation system
it removes water, saliva, blood and other fragments
- saliva ejector and hve
what is a curing light
a curing light hardens or cures light-sensitive dental materials
what is an amalgamator
triturates dental materials
what is a central vacuum compressor
provides suction needed for oral evacuation systems
what is the central air compressor
provides compressed air for air-water syringe and air-driven handpieces
what is the positioning of the operator
- seated as far back as possible
- thighs parallel to floor
- feet flat to floor
- backrest of chair is positioned to support the back
what is the positioning of the dental assistant
- seated back on stool
- base on foot ring
- positioned as close to dental chair
- legs parallel to patient chair
- 4-6 inches above eye level of operator
what are the classifications of motions
class I - movement of fingers
class II - movement of fingers and wrist
class III - movement of fingers, wrist and elbows
class IV - entire arm and shoulder
class V - entire upper torso
what are the dental unit delivery systems
front delivery - positioned over patients laps
side delivery - positioned at either side of patients chair
rear delivery - positioned behind the dental chair
what is the positioning of the patient
lowered to supine position
head should be even with the top of headrest
ask to turn head for easier access
should be 12-14 inches from operator
what are the categories of dental instruments
examination instruments
hand cutting instruments
restorative instruments
accessory instruments
what are the examination instruments
mouth mirror - indirect vision, light reflection, retraction, tissue protection
explorers - detect areas of decay
- pig tail explorer
- shepherd’s hook explorer
- orban explorer
cotton pliers - carry, place and retrieves small items from mouth
- non-locking cotton pliers
- locking cotton pliers
periodontal probe - used to measure depth of sulcus
what are the hand cutting instruments
excavator - removes soft dentin, debris, and decay
- spoon excavator
- black spoon excavator
enamel hoe - smooths and prepares walls and floor of tooth prep
chisels - forms sharp lines, and makes retention grooves
- straight chisel
- bin-angle chisel
- wedelstaedt chisel
- angle-formed chisel
hatchets - used to cut enamel and smooth walls and floors
gingival margin trimmer - cuts enamell, and makes bevels on gingival margins
- mesial gingival margin trimmer (working end pointed down)
- distal gingival margin trimmer ( working end pointed up)
what are the restorative instruments
amalgam carrier - places freshly mixed amalgam in cavity prep
amalgam condenser - pack freshly palced amalgam in cavity prep
burnisher - smooths amalgam
- football burnisher
- ball burnisher
- acorn burnisher
- t-ball burnisher
- beavertail burnisher
carvers - carves anatomy
- discoid cleoid carver (places occlusal anatomy)
- hollenback carver ( removes excess material interproximally)
- amalgam knife (used to remove excess material interproximally)
composite placement instrument - usually made of plastic, teflon or aluminum
woodson - used to carry dental materials into prepared tooth
whata are the accessory instruments
spatula - used to mix dental materials
scissors - cuts dental dam, retraction cord, stainless steel crowns
- crown and bridge scissors
amalgam well - used for freshly mixed amalgam
howe pliers (110) - carries cotton, removes matrix band and removes wedges
articulating paper with articulating paper
- holds and carries articulating paper to mouth
what is a low-speed hand piece
can be contra-angle or straight
5000-30,000 rpm
what are the uses of low-speed handpiece
- removes soft decay
- polish
- porcelain adjustments
- root canals
straight attachments
- slides and locks into place
- used for labs
contra-angle attachments
- uses latch-type
- angle used for easier adaptation
what is the prophylaxis angle
for polishing
- holds the prophylaxis cup and bristle brush
what is a high-speed handpiece
operates at speeds of 400,000 rpm
- removes decay
- needs water coolant system due to generation of friction heat
what is an ultrasonic handpiece
- used for scaling and root planing
what is an air abrasion handpiece
high-pressure delivery of aluminum oxide particles through small probe
(sanding)
what is difference with lab handpiece
has 20,000 rpm and has greater torque
what are rotary cutting instruments consisted of
shank (latch type, friction grip, straight shank)
neck
head
what are the types of burs
round (1/4, 1/2, 1-8, 10)
- for initial entry
inverted cone
- removes decay
straight fissure plain cut (55-60, 57L, 58L)
- for initial entry
straight fissure cross cute (556-560, 567L, 568L)
tapered fissure plain cut
tapered fissure cross cut
pear
- initial entry
end cutting
- initial entry
what are diamond rotary instruments
used for crown preparations
- metal base with industrial diamonds
what are finishing rotary instruments
similar to cutting burs
- have numbers of blades that are increased for polishing
what are abrasive rotary instruments
used to remoe excess fillings or smooth and polish
- needs a mandrel, latch and friction grip
what are laboratory roatry instruments
used to polish and cut acrylic
what are 4 handed dentistry techniques
- know the sequence of procedure and anticipate needed instruments
- transfer with left hand
- transfer should involve only fingers, wrist and elbow
- dentist should be able to grasp the instrument for approopriate use
- instrument positioned firmly in dentists hand
what are the instrument grasps and what is used for hve
pen grasp, palm grasp, palm-thumb grasp
- hve uses palm grasp and palm-thumb grasp
what is a tofflemire retainer
device that holds matrix bands
what are the types of matrix systems
universal band - used for class II prepse, for minimal depth and width
extension band - used for deeper class II preps
what do wedges do
inserted into lingual embrasure to hold matrix band firmly against gingival margins
improper placement can result in overhang and cupping
what is an anterior matrix system
a clear plastic matrix called a mylar strip
- used for class III or IV restorations where proximal wall is missing
- protects adjacent teeth
what is an automatrix system
a matrix system that doesnt need a retainer
what are sectional matrices
used for pposterior composite restorations
- requires palodent type matrix band and tension ring
what matrix systems are used for primary teeth
t-bad and spot-welded band
what is the purpose of a dental dam
acts as a barrier and safeguards patients mouth
- protects from inhalation or swallowing
- moisture control
etc
what are the equipment for dental dams
dental dam material
- thin, medium, heavy
dental dam frame
- ushaped, young, otsby
dental dam napkin
lubricants
- for lips and dental dam
dental dam punch
dental dam forceps
dental dam clamps
dental dam stabilizing cord
what are the clamp numbers
w = wingless
anterior clamps = 9 or W9
premolar clamps = 00, W00, 2, W2
molar clamps = 7, W7, 8, W8, 14A, W14A, 12a, 13a
what occurs in planning tooth prep
initial cavity prep and final cavity prep
what occurs in initial cavity prep
outline form - dentist decides design and initial depth of tooth structure
resistance form - dentist determines primary shape and placement of cavity walls
retention form - dentist knows where to place retention in prep to secure restoration
convenience form - dentist will hahve accessibility to tooth prep
what occurs in final prep
removes remaining enamel, diseased dentin
insert additional resistance and retention
places dental materials
what are the walls of tooth preps
cavity wall - all internal surfaces of tooth prep
internal wall - all internal surfaces that does not touch external tooth surface
external wall - surface of tooth prep that extends to external surface of tooth
axial wall - surface of prepared tooth that runs parallel to long axis of tooth
pulpal floor - surface of prepared tooth that runs perpendicular to long axis of tooth
enamel wall - portion of prepared external wall that has enamel
dentinal wall - portion of prepared external wall that consists dentin
blacks instrument formula
first number - width of the blade
second number - cutting edge angle
third number - blade length
fourth number - blade angle
