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midterm > clinical dentistry > Flashcards

clinical dentistry Flashcards

1
Q

what are areas of the dental office

A

front office/reception
operatories
sterilization
dentists private room
dental staff lounge
consultation room

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2
Q

what are the components of dental unit

A
  • patient dental chair
  • operators stool
  • dental assistants stool
  • dental unit
  • oral evacuation equipment
  • curing light
  • amalgamator
  • dental rad unit
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3
Q

what does the patient dental chair do

A

supports the patients knees, bottom, lumbr region of back and head
- can be upright, supine and subsupine

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4
Q

what does the operators stool do

A

type of stool designed to support the body for long periods

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5
Q

what does the dental assistants stool do and what its for

A

it is a type of stool that must provide stability, mobility, and comfort, to allow proper fatigue-reducing posture

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6
Q

what does the dental unit provide

A

provides necessary electrical and air operated mechanics to hoses, attachmments, etc

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7
Q

what is a rheostat

A

a foot controlled device on floor that controls handpieces

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8
Q

what do waterlines do

A

carry water through air-water syringe and dental handpiece

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9
Q

what is an air-water syringe

A
  • delivers streams of water
  • delivers streams of air
  • delivers combined spray of air and water
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10
Q

what is an operating light

A

illuminates the oral cavity during dental procedures

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11
Q

whats an oral evacuation system

A

it removes water, saliva, blood and other fragments
- saliva ejector and hve

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12
Q

what is a curing light

A

a curing light hardens or cures light-sensitive dental materials

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13
Q

what is an amalgamator

A

triturates dental materials

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14
Q

what is a central vacuum compressor

A

provides suction needed for oral evacuation systems

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15
Q

what is the central air compressor

A

provides compressed air for air-water syringe and air-driven handpieces

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16
Q

what is the positioning of the operator

A
  • seated as far back as possible
  • thighs parallel to floor
  • feet flat to floor
  • backrest of chair is positioned to support the back
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17
Q

what is the positioning of the dental assistant

A
  • seated back on stool
  • base on foot ring
  • positioned as close to dental chair
  • legs parallel to patient chair
  • 4-6 inches above eye level of operator
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18
Q

what are the classifications of motions

A

class I - movement of fingers
class II - movement of fingers and wrist
class III - movement of fingers, wrist and elbows
class IV - entire arm and shoulder
class V - entire upper torso

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19
Q

what are the dental unit delivery systems

A

front delivery - positioned over patients laps
side delivery - positioned at either side of patients chair
rear delivery - positioned behind the dental chair

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20
Q

what is the positioning of the patient

A

lowered to supine position
head should be even with the top of headrest
ask to turn head for easier access
should be 12-14 inches from operator

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21
Q

what are the categories of dental instruments

A

examination instruments
hand cutting instruments
restorative instruments
accessory instruments

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22
Q

what are the examination instruments

A

mouth mirror - indirect vision, light reflection, retraction, tissue protection

explorers - detect areas of decay
- pig tail explorer
- shepherd’s hook explorer
- orban explorer

cotton pliers - carry, place and retrieves small items from mouth
- non-locking cotton pliers
- locking cotton pliers

periodontal probe - used to measure depth of sulcus

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23
Q

what are the hand cutting instruments

A

excavator - removes soft dentin, debris, and decay
- spoon excavator
- black spoon excavator

enamel hoe - smooths and prepares walls and floor of tooth prep

chisels - forms sharp lines, and makes retention grooves
- straight chisel
- bin-angle chisel
- wedelstaedt chisel
- angle-formed chisel

hatchets - used to cut enamel and smooth walls and floors

gingival margin trimmer - cuts enamell, and makes bevels on gingival margins
- mesial gingival margin trimmer (working end pointed down)
- distal gingival margin trimmer ( working end pointed up)

24
Q

what are the restorative instruments

A

amalgam carrier - places freshly mixed amalgam in cavity prep

amalgam condenser - pack freshly palced amalgam in cavity prep

burnisher - smooths amalgam
- football burnisher
- ball burnisher
- acorn burnisher
- t-ball burnisher
- beavertail burnisher

carvers - carves anatomy
- discoid cleoid carver (places occlusal anatomy)
- hollenback carver ( removes excess material interproximally)
- amalgam knife (used to remove excess material interproximally)

composite placement instrument - usually made of plastic, teflon or aluminum

woodson - used to carry dental materials into prepared tooth

25
Q

whata are the accessory instruments

A

spatula - used to mix dental materials

scissors - cuts dental dam, retraction cord, stainless steel crowns
- crown and bridge scissors

amalgam well - used for freshly mixed amalgam

howe pliers (110) - carries cotton, removes matrix band and removes wedges

articulating paper with articulating paper
- holds and carries articulating paper to mouth

26
Q

what is a low-speed hand piece

A

can be contra-angle or straight
5000-30,000 rpm

27
Q

what are the uses of low-speed handpiece

A
  • removes soft decay
  • polish
  • porcelain adjustments
  • root canals

straight attachments
- slides and locks into place
- used for labs

contra-angle attachments
- uses latch-type
- angle used for easier adaptation

28
Q

what is the prophylaxis angle

A

for polishing
- holds the prophylaxis cup and bristle brush

29
Q

what is a high-speed handpiece

A

operates at speeds of 400,000 rpm
- removes decay
- needs water coolant system due to generation of friction heat

30
Q

what is an ultrasonic handpiece

A
  • used for scaling and root planing
31
Q

what is an air abrasion handpiece

A

high-pressure delivery of aluminum oxide particles through small probe
(sanding)

32
Q

what is difference with lab handpiece

A

has 20,000 rpm and has greater torque

33
Q

what are rotary cutting instruments consisted of

A

shank (latch type, friction grip, straight shank)
neck
head

34
Q

what are the types of burs

A

round (1/4, 1/2, 1-8, 10)
- for initial entry

inverted cone
- removes decay

straight fissure plain cut (55-60, 57L, 58L)
- for initial entry

straight fissure cross cute (556-560, 567L, 568L)

tapered fissure plain cut

tapered fissure cross cut

pear
- initial entry

end cutting
- initial entry

35
Q

what are diamond rotary instruments

A

used for crown preparations
- metal base with industrial diamonds

36
Q

what are finishing rotary instruments

A

similar to cutting burs
- have numbers of blades that are increased for polishing

37
Q

what are abrasive rotary instruments

A

used to remoe excess fillings or smooth and polish
- needs a mandrel, latch and friction grip

38
Q

what are laboratory roatry instruments

A

used to polish and cut acrylic

39
Q

what are 4 handed dentistry techniques

A
  • know the sequence of procedure and anticipate needed instruments
  • transfer with left hand
  • transfer should involve only fingers, wrist and elbow
  • dentist should be able to grasp the instrument for approopriate use
  • instrument positioned firmly in dentists hand
40
Q

what are the instrument grasps and what is used for hve

A

pen grasp, palm grasp, palm-thumb grasp
- hve uses palm grasp and palm-thumb grasp

41
Q

what is a tofflemire retainer

A

device that holds matrix bands

42
Q

what are the types of matrix systems

A

universal band - used for class II prepse, for minimal depth and width

extension band - used for deeper class II preps

43
Q

what do wedges do

A

inserted into lingual embrasure to hold matrix band firmly against gingival margins

improper placement can result in overhang and cupping

44
Q

what is an anterior matrix system

A

a clear plastic matrix called a mylar strip
- used for class III or IV restorations where proximal wall is missing
- protects adjacent teeth

45
Q

what is an automatrix system

A

a matrix system that doesnt need a retainer

46
Q

what are sectional matrices

A

used for pposterior composite restorations
- requires palodent type matrix band and tension ring

47
Q

what matrix systems are used for primary teeth

A

t-bad and spot-welded band

48
Q

what is the purpose of a dental dam

A

acts as a barrier and safeguards patients mouth
- protects from inhalation or swallowing
- moisture control
etc

49
Q

what are the equipment for dental dams

A

dental dam material
- thin, medium, heavy

dental dam frame
- ushaped, young, otsby

dental dam napkin

lubricants
- for lips and dental dam

dental dam punch

dental dam forceps

dental dam clamps

dental dam stabilizing cord

50
Q

what are the clamp numbers

A

w = wingless
anterior clamps = 9 or W9
premolar clamps = 00, W00, 2, W2
molar clamps = 7, W7, 8, W8, 14A, W14A, 12a, 13a

51
Q

what occurs in planning tooth prep

A

initial cavity prep and final cavity prep

52
Q

what occurs in initial cavity prep

A

outline form - dentist decides design and initial depth of tooth structure
resistance form - dentist determines primary shape and placement of cavity walls
retention form - dentist knows where to place retention in prep to secure restoration
convenience form - dentist will hahve accessibility to tooth prep

53
Q

what occurs in final prep

A

removes remaining enamel, diseased dentin
insert additional resistance and retention
places dental materials

54
Q

what are the walls of tooth preps

A

cavity wall - all internal surfaces of tooth prep
internal wall - all internal surfaces that does not touch external tooth surface
external wall - surface of tooth prep that extends to external surface of tooth
axial wall - surface of prepared tooth that runs parallel to long axis of tooth
pulpal floor - surface of prepared tooth that runs perpendicular to long axis of tooth
enamel wall - portion of prepared external wall that has enamel
dentinal wall - portion of prepared external wall that consists dentin

55
Q

blacks instrument formula

A

first number - width of the blade
second number - cutting edge angle
third number - blade length
fourth number - blade angle

midterm (11 decks)

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