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clinical dentistry Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

what are areas of the dental office

A

front office/reception
operatories
sterilization
dentists private room
dental staff lounge
consultation room

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2
Q

what are the components of dental unit

A
  • patient dental chair
  • operators stool
  • dental assistants stool
  • dental unit
  • oral evacuation equipment
  • curing light
  • amalgamator
  • dental rad unit
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3
Q

what does the patient dental chair do

A

supports the patients knees, bottom, lumbr region of back and head
- can be upright, supine and subsupine

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4
Q

what does the operators stool do

A

type of stool designed to support the body for long periods

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5
Q

what does the dental assistants stool do and what its for

A

it is a type of stool that must provide stability, mobility, and comfort, to allow proper fatigue-reducing posture

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6
Q

what does the dental unit provide

A

provides necessary electrical and air operated mechanics to hoses, attachmments, etc

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7
Q

what is a rheostat

A

a foot controlled device on floor that controls handpieces

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8
Q

what do waterlines do

A

carry water through air-water syringe and dental handpiece

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9
Q

what is an air-water syringe

A
  • delivers streams of water
  • delivers streams of air
  • delivers combined spray of air and water
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10
Q

what is an operating light

A

illuminates the oral cavity during dental procedures

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11
Q

whats an oral evacuation system

A

it removes water, saliva, blood and other fragments
- saliva ejector and hve

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12
Q

what is a curing light

A

a curing light hardens or cures light-sensitive dental materials

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13
Q

what is an amalgamator

A

triturates dental materials

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14
Q

what is a central vacuum compressor

A

provides suction needed for oral evacuation systems

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15
Q

what is the central air compressor

A

provides compressed air for air-water syringe and air-driven handpieces

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16
Q

what is the positioning of the operator

A
  • seated as far back as possible
  • thighs parallel to floor
  • feet flat to floor
  • backrest of chair is positioned to support the back
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17
Q

what is the positioning of the dental assistant

A
  • seated back on stool
  • base on foot ring
  • positioned as close to dental chair
  • legs parallel to patient chair
  • 4-6 inches above eye level of operator
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18
Q

what are the classifications of motions

A

class I - movement of fingers
class II - movement of fingers and wrist
class III - movement of fingers, wrist and elbows
class IV - entire arm and shoulder
class V - entire upper torso

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19
Q

what are the dental unit delivery systems

A

front delivery - positioned over patients laps
side delivery - positioned at either side of patients chair
rear delivery - positioned behind the dental chair

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20
Q

what is the positioning of the patient

A

lowered to supine position
head should be even with the top of headrest
ask to turn head for easier access
should be 12-14 inches from operator

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21
Q

what are the categories of dental instruments

A

examination instruments
hand cutting instruments
restorative instruments
accessory instruments

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22
Q

what are the examination instruments

A

mouth mirror - indirect vision, light reflection, retraction, tissue protection

explorers - detect areas of decay
- pig tail explorer
- shepherd’s hook explorer
- orban explorer

cotton pliers - carry, place and retrieves small items from mouth
- non-locking cotton pliers
- locking cotton pliers

periodontal probe - used to measure depth of sulcus

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23
Q

what are the hand cutting instruments

Study These Flashcards
A

excavator - removes soft dentin, debris, and decay
- spoon excavator
- black spoon excavator

enamel hoe - smooths and prepares walls and floor of tooth prep

chisels - forms sharp lines, and makes retention grooves
- straight chisel
- bin-angle chisel
- wedelstaedt chisel
- angle-formed chisel

hatchets - used to cut enamel and smooth walls and floors

gingival margin trimmer - cuts enamell, and makes bevels on gingival margins
- mesial gingival margin trimmer (working end pointed down)
- distal gingival margin trimmer ( working end pointed up)

24
Q

what are the restorative instruments

Study These Flashcards
A

amalgam carrier - places freshly mixed amalgam in cavity prep

amalgam condenser - pack freshly palced amalgam in cavity prep

burnisher - smooths amalgam
- football burnisher
- ball burnisher
- acorn burnisher
- t-ball burnisher
- beavertail burnisher

carvers - carves anatomy
- discoid cleoid carver (places occlusal anatomy)
- hollenback carver ( removes excess material interproximally)
- amalgam knife (used to remove excess material interproximally)

composite placement instrument - usually made of plastic, teflon or aluminum

woodson - used to carry dental materials into prepared tooth

25
whata are the accessory instruments
spatula - used to mix dental materials scissors - cuts dental dam, retraction cord, stainless steel crowns - crown and bridge scissors amalgam well - used for freshly mixed amalgam howe pliers (110) - carries cotton, removes matrix band and removes wedges articulating paper with articulating paper - holds and carries articulating paper to mouth
26
what is a low-speed hand piece
can be contra-angle or straight 5000-30,000 rpm
27
what are the uses of low-speed handpiece
- removes soft decay - polish - porcelain adjustments - root canals straight attachments - slides and locks into place - used for labs contra-angle attachments - uses latch-type - angle used for easier adaptation
28
what is the prophylaxis angle
for polishing - holds the prophylaxis cup and bristle brush
29
what is a high-speed handpiece
operates at speeds of 400,000 rpm - removes decay - needs water coolant system due to generation of friction heat
30
what is an ultrasonic handpiece
- used for scaling and root planing
31
what is an air abrasion handpiece
high-pressure delivery of aluminum oxide particles through small probe (sanding)
32
what is difference with lab handpiece
has 20,000 rpm and has greater torque
33
what are rotary cutting instruments consisted of
shank (latch type, friction grip, straight shank) neck head
34
what are the types of burs
round (1/4, 1/2, 1-8, 10) - for initial entry inverted cone - removes decay straight fissure plain cut (55-60, 57L, 58L) - for initial entry straight fissure cross cute (556-560, 567L, 568L) tapered fissure plain cut tapered fissure cross cut pear - initial entry end cutting - initial entry
35
what are diamond rotary instruments
used for crown preparations - metal base with industrial diamonds
36
what are finishing rotary instruments
similar to cutting burs - have numbers of blades that are increased for polishing
37
what are abrasive rotary instruments
used to remoe excess fillings or smooth and polish - needs a mandrel, latch and friction grip
38
what are laboratory roatry instruments
used to polish and cut acrylic
39
what are 4 handed dentistry techniques
- know the sequence of procedure and anticipate needed instruments - transfer with left hand - transfer should involve only fingers, wrist and elbow - dentist should be able to grasp the instrument for approopriate use - instrument positioned firmly in dentists hand
40
what are the instrument grasps and what is used for hve
pen grasp, palm grasp, palm-thumb grasp - hve uses palm grasp and palm-thumb grasp
41
what is a tofflemire retainer
device that holds matrix bands
42
what are the types of matrix systems
universal band - used for class II prepse, for minimal depth and width extension band - used for deeper class II preps
43
what do wedges do
inserted into lingual embrasure to hold matrix band firmly against gingival margins improper placement can result in overhang and cupping
44
what is an anterior matrix system
a clear plastic matrix called a mylar strip - used for class III or IV restorations where proximal wall is missing - protects adjacent teeth
45
what is an automatrix system
a matrix system that doesnt need a retainer
46
what are sectional matrices
used for pposterior composite restorations - requires palodent type matrix band and tension ring
47
what matrix systems are used for primary teeth
t-bad and spot-welded band
48
what is the purpose of a dental dam
acts as a barrier and safeguards patients mouth - protects from inhalation or swallowing - moisture control etc
49
what are the equipment for dental dams
dental dam material - thin, medium, heavy dental dam frame - ushaped, young, otsby dental dam napkin lubricants - for lips and dental dam dental dam punch dental dam forceps dental dam clamps dental dam stabilizing cord
50
what are the clamp numbers
w = wingless anterior clamps = 9 or W9 premolar clamps = 00, W00, 2, W2 molar clamps = 7, W7, 8, W8, 14A, W14A, 12a, 13a
51
what occurs in planning tooth prep
initial cavity prep and final cavity prep
52
what occurs in initial cavity prep
outline form - dentist decides design and initial depth of tooth structure resistance form - dentist determines primary shape and placement of cavity walls retention form - dentist knows where to place retention in prep to secure restoration convenience form - dentist will hahve accessibility to tooth prep
53
what occurs in final prep
removes remaining enamel, diseased dentin insert additional resistance and retention places dental materials
54
what are the walls of tooth preps
cavity wall - all internal surfaces of tooth prep internal wall - all internal surfaces that does not touch external tooth surface external wall - surface of tooth prep that extends to external surface of tooth axial wall - surface of prepared tooth that runs parallel to long axis of tooth pulpal floor - surface of prepared tooth that runs perpendicular to long axis of tooth enamel wall - portion of prepared external wall that has enamel dentinal wall - portion of prepared external wall that consists dentin
55
blacks instrument formula
first number - width of the blade second number - cutting edge angle third number - blade length fourth number - blade angle

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