embryology, histology and tooth morphology Flashcards
what are the stages of prenatal developmental periods and critical times
germinal period - takes place during first two weeks
embryonic period - third to eight week, most critical period as this is when development of all major structures begin
fetal period - ninth week til birth
what is the tooth numbering systems
universal numbering system
- 1 to 32
- A to K for primary
international standards organization
- 1.2, 1.4 etc
palmers method
- brackets
eruption of the permanent dentition (maxillary)
first molar - 6 to 7 years old
central incisor - 7 to 8 years old
lateral incisor - 8 to 9 years old
first premolar - 10 to 11 years old
second premolar - 10 to 12 years old
canines - 11 to 12 years old
second molar - 12 to 13 years old
third molar - 17 to 21 years old
eruption of permanent dentition (mandibular)
first molar - 6 to 7 years old
central incisors - 6 to 7 years old
lateral incisors - 7 to 8 years old
firsts pre molar - 9 to 10 years old
second pre molar - 10 to 11 years old
canines - 12 to 13 years old
second molar - 11 to 13 years old
third molar - 17 to 21 years old
eruption of primary dentition (max)
central incisors - 6 o 10 months
lateral incisors - 9 to 12 months
first molar - 12 to 18 months
canine - 16 to 22 months
second molar - 24 to 32 months
eruption of primary dentition (mand)
central incisors - 6 to 10 months
lateral incisors - 7 to 10 months
first molar - 12 to 18 months
canine - 16 to 22 months
second molar - 20 to 32 months
what are the types of teeth, their names, position in the orcal cavity, function, number of roots and anatomy
incisors
- located at the front of the mouth
- designed to cut food without heavy force
- single root
- lingual surface is shaped like a shovel to guide food into the mouth
canines
- located at the corner of the arch
- designed to cut and tear food with force
- one long root
- best anchored tooth
premolars
- sits in between canine and molars
- buccal cusps hold food while lingual cusps grind it
- lower premolars and second upper premolars have 1 root, upper first premolars have 2 roots
molars
- positioned in the very back of the arch
- used to chew or grind teeth
- molars have 4 or more cusps
- usually 2 or 3 molars
names and locations of each tooth surface
- facial, vestibular, buccal (faces the lips)
- lingual surface ( tongue side of the teeth)
- incisal surface ( chewing surface of the anterior teeth)
- occlusal surface (chewing surface of posterior teeth)
- mesial surface (surface of tooth facing midline of mouth)
- distal surface ( surface of tooth facing away from midline)
what are the names and location of the tissues of the tooth including types of cementum and dentin
- enamel
- dentin (primary, secondary, tertiary)
- cementum (primary is formed as the roots develop, secondary forms after the tooth has reached functional occlusion)
- pulp (pulp horns, coronal pulp, accessory ppulp, radicular pulp, apical foramen)
- periodontium (cementum , alveolar bone, periodontal ligament)
- dentoenamel junction (where the dentin and enamel meet)
- cementoenamel junction (where the cement and enamel meet)
- alveolar process (bone that supports teeth in functional position)
alveolar crest fiber
resists in rotational forces and tilting of tooth
horizontal fiber groups
resists rotational forces and tilting of tooth
oblique fiber groups
resists forces that try to push tooth inward
apical fiber groups
resists forces that try to pull tooth outward, and rotational
interradicular fiber group
only found in multi-rooted teeth and resists rotational forces and holds teeth in interproximal contact
interdental fiber group
resists rotation, holds teeth in interproximal contact
what are the periodontal fiber groups
alveolar crest fiber group
horizontal fiber group
oblique fiber group
apical fiber group
interradicular fiber group
interdental fiber group
what are the names and function of the components of the alveolar process
cortical plate - dense outer covering that makes up the central part of the alveolar process
alveolar process - highest point of alveolar ridge
alveolar socket - cavity within the alveolar process that surrounds the root of tooth
lamina dura - a thin layer of compact bone lining the alveolar socket
what are landmarks of the hard palate
incisive papilla - pear shaped soft tissue that covers incisive foramen
palatal rugae - irregular ridges of masticatory mucosa
palatine raphe - runs posteriorly from incisive papilla at midline
palatal gands - small glands that open onto the palatal mucosa as small pits
landmarks of the soft palate
palatoglossal arch - arch runs from soft palate down to side of the tongue
palatopahryngeal arch - a free posterior border of the soft palate
isthmus of fauces - an opening between the two arches and contains the tonsils
types of lining of the oral cavity
- labial mucosa (lips)
- mucobuccal fold ( where the buccal mucosa meets the alveolar mucosa)
- mucogingival junction ( a distinct line of colour change can be seen where alveolar membrane meets attached gingivav)
- buccal vestibule (area between the cheeks and the teeth)
- parotid papilla (protects opening of parotid duct)
- fordyces spots (yellow elevations)
- linea alba ( white ridge of raised tissue)
components of gingival unit
- unattached gingiva ( border of gingiva that surrounds the teeth)
- interdental gingiva (extension of free gingiva that fills interproximal embrasure between theeth
- gingival groove (shallow groove that marks the beginning of the attached gingiva)
- attached gingiva (extends from base of the sulcus to the mucogingival junction)
divisions into thirds of crowns and roots
roots
- apical
- middle
- cervical
crown vertical
- distal
- middle
- mesial
crown horizontal
- occlusal
- middle
- cervical
line angles and point angles
line angle
- formed by junction of two surfaces
point angle
- formed by the junction of three surfaces at one point
succedaneous teeth
- central incisors replace central incisors
- lateral incisors replace central incisors
- canines replace caninces
- premolars replace primary molars
blacks classification
class I - decay on the pits and fissures
class II - decay on the proximal surfaces of posterior teeth
class III - decay on the proximal surfaces of anterior teeth
class IV - decay on the proximal and incisal surfaces of anteriors and canines
class V - decay on the gingival third of the buccal or lingual surfaces of the teeth
difference between diastema and primate spaces
-diastema is a space between two teeth
- primate spaces are spaces between every primary tooth
embrasure
is triangular space between two teeth
