Midterm Review

Question 1

Testing theories of stuttering has been very easy and straightforward

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Testing theories for stuttering has been challenging due to which of the following:

Answer 2

1. Difficulties with observing its onset
2. Possibility that stuttering results from a multiplicity of factors
3. It’s changing characteristics during aging
   All of the above

Question 3

The developmental subtype of stuttering refers to stuttering with onset in childhood, including adolescence

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Workers in the area of stuttering should adopt a multifactorial, nonlinear, and dynamic framework for the disorder

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Many researchers prefer to search for casual factors rather than a precise cause

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Which of the following is not a casual factor for stuttering?
1. Predisposing
2. Perpetuating
3. Predetermining
4. Precipitating

Answer 6

Predetermining

Question 7

Predisposing factors make persons susceptible or vulnerable to having a disease or disorder before the disorder appears

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Which factor makes an individual susceptible or vulnerable to having a disease or disorder before the disorder appears?
1. Predisposing
2. Perpetuating
3. Precipitating
4. Preheating

Answer 8

Predisposing

Question 9

Which of the following are criteria which should be applied to test the strength of a theory or model?

Answer 9

1. Valid
2. Predictive
3. Consistent
   All of the above

Question 10

If a model is flexible, it can be expanded or changed with new information

Answer 10

True

Question 11

If a theory is consistent, its components do not contradict each other

Answer 11

True

Question 12

A model is a representation of the phenomenon in a terms of a set of variable and the relationship among them

Answer 12

True

Question 13

There is no difference between a theory and a model

Answer 13

False

Question 14

Hippocrates “father of medicine,” thought stuttering might be due to chronic diarrhea

Answer 14

True

Question 15

The Indian fable teaches us that only by putting the parts together can you understand what the elephant is like

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Which of the following was found to reduce stuttering by more than 90%?

Answer 16

1. Singing
2. Rhythmic speech
3. Slowing down
   All of the above

Question 17

Which of the following disorders is most prevalent among people who stutter?
1. Phonological disorders
2. Language disorders
3. Learning disabilities
4. Reading disabilities

Answer 17

Phonological disorders

Question 18

Persons who stutter only experience emotional reactions prior to stuttering

Answer 18

False

Question 19

Which of the following is not considered a physical concomitant of stuttering?
1. Lips pressured
2. Sense of being trapped
3. Body swaying
4. Forehead tension

Answer 19

Sense of being trapped

Question 20

monotonous vocal pitch may be used to avoid or guard against stuttering

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Tremor is a physiological component sometimes observed in stuttering

Answer 21

True

Question 22

The overall speaking rate is faster for people who stutter than for normally fluent speakers

Answer 22

False

Question 23

Which of the following is considered “other” disfluency?
1. Part-word repetition
2. Single-syllable word repetition
3. Revision/abandoned utterance
4. Dysrhythmic phonation

Answer 23

Revision/abandoned utterance

Question 24

Which of the following is an example of a dysrhythmic phonation?

Answer 24

1. Prolonged sound
2. Blocks and broken words
3. Tense pauses
   All of the above

Question 25

The traditional/historical view of stuttering consists of four alternative tracks based on four variables/risk factors

Answer 25

False