Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Fluency Disorders > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

A ____ denotes an opinion, conjecture, or speculation

A

Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

An unsubstantiated guess or a personal hunch about phenomenon of interest

A

Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In a scientific arena we wan to test out a theory so that ____

A

Knowledge moves beyond speculation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A proposed explanation, framework, or model of a natural or social phenomenon or set of phenomena

A

Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A conceptual system of understanding for the purpose of explaining or predicting a phenomena

A

Theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

2 brain hemisphere create conflicting neural signals that fail to achieve coordinated control of speech muscle groups in people who stutter

A

Cerebral dominance notion (1931)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A representation of the phenomenon in a terms of a set of variables and the relationship among them

A

Model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

An ideal prototype of the major parts of a complex phenomenon or system

A

Model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

___ proposes a set of variables and the relationship among them

A

Model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

___ help explain how a system works

A

Model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Could show the structure of an atom and a theory countdown explain why some parts are more stable than another. This is an example of a ___

A

Model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

CALMS goes over ____

A

Cognitive-affective-linguistic-motor-social performance areas of communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

5 components are assessed or treated as they may contribute to stuttering differently across individuals

A

CALMS
Cognitive-affective-linguistic-motor-social

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Not all people who stutter have difficulty stuttering for the same reasons. True or false

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Notions of the cause and treatment of stuttering have varied widely. True or false

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

___ (1939) noted that Hippocrates “father of medicine” thought stuttering might be due to chronic diarrhea that he observed in people who stutter.

A

Klingbell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The Demosthenes, in Ancient Greece, people with stuttering were forced to ____ in hoped of making it disappear

A

Talk with pebbles on their mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Surgical interventions and resections of the tongue was believed that anatomical defects caused stuttering. True or false

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

In some current cultures, religious ceremonies are conducted to cast out evil spirits that are thought to cause stuttering. True or false

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The blind men and the elephant explained

A

Six blind men encountered an elephant for the first time. Each touched the elephant and arrived at a different impression- like a wall, like a fan, like a spear, like a tree, like a snake, etc. each was correct, but they needed to combine their knowledge to understand the elephant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why the need for integrated framework?

A

Because ideas about stuttering have been difficult to reconcile… scholars have appreciated the proposal that workers in the area of stuttering should adopt a multifactorial, nonlinear, and dynamic framework” for the disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

“Workers in the area of stuttering should adapt a _____

A

Multifactorial, nonlinear, and dynamic framework

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Many variables contribute to the occurance of stuttering

A

Multifactorial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q
  1. Slight difference may upset the balance of interactions within the complex speech-language production system
  2. Yielding disproportionately large disruptions of speech in the form of stuttering
A

Nonlinear and dynamic

25
Q

___ may aid in the discovery of how different combinations of variables lead to specific profiles of the stuttering disorder

A

Nonlinear and dynamic

26
Q

Many researchers prefer to search for casual factors rather than a precise cause. True or false

A

True

27
Q

How do we categorize potential causal factors in stuttering?

A
28
Q

What are the 3 types of casual factors?

A
  1. Predisposing
  2. Precipitating
  3. Perpetuating
29
Q

Make an individual susceptible or vulnerable to having a disease or disorder before the disorder appears

A

Predisposing factors

30
Q

Genetic factors might ____ a child to develops stuttering.

A

Predispose

31
Q

_____ could be referred to as a predisposing factor

A

Genes

32
Q

Factors that hasten an occurrence or episode of the disease or the disorder
“To give rise to immediate events”

A

Precipitating

33
Q

____ could be said to be a precipitating factor for stuttering in some children.

A

Excitement

34
Q

Factors make the disorder continue even if the original causes no longer exist

A

Perpetuating

35
Q

Perpetuating factors include-

A

Prolongs, aggravates, or maintains a problem

36
Q

Siblings who interrupt and complete for the conversational floor, a child who stutters may be prone to speak before they are ready serving to maintain his stutter. This is an example of ___

A

Perpetuating factor

37
Q

____ could be considered the perpetuating factor

A

Social dynamics

38
Q

Some parents report excitement can trigger moments of stuttering. This can be an example of ____

A

Precipitating factor

39
Q

Other causal factors include-

A
  1. Risk factors
  2. Protective factors
40
Q

Biological condition, substance, or behavior that is often associated with a problem, but does not serve as a cause for the event or the disorder

A

Risk factor

41
Q

Being male is a ____ for stuttering but is not the cause of it

A

Risk factor

42
Q

Biological condition, substance, or behavior often associated with an absence or alleviation of the problem but does not serve as its cure

A

Protective factor

43
Q

Having a family history of stuttering remission serves as a _____, although it is not a cure for stuttering

A

Protective stuttering

44
Q

What criteria should be applied in evaluating the strength of a theory or model?

A
  1. Valid and predictive
  2. Exhaustive and exclusive
  3. Parsimonious and elegant
  4. Testable and flexible
  5. Consistent and explanatory
45
Q

Fits the observed phenomena

A

Valid

46
Q

The model makes predications about future observations

A

Predictive

47
Q

When the cause is present, it should occur and when the cause is not present, it could not occur

A

Valid and predictive

48
Q

Theory- that excessive tickling causes stuttering
1. Does excessive tickling occur without triggering cases of stuttering?
2. Do cases of stuttering emerge in the absence of excessive tickling?
If the answer is yes to both questions, we infer that tickling does not constitute stuttering.
This is an example of -

A

Valid and predictive

49
Q

Must explain all associated phenomena

A

Exhaustive

50
Q

Fear causes stuttering- then how do we account for some people who do not stutter when they are fearful?
This is an example of-

A

Exhaustive

51
Q

The model does not overlap with other explanations

A

Exclusive

52
Q

Fear causes stuttering- one may note “fear causes psychosomatic experience:
This is an example of-

A

Exclusive

53
Q

When a theory is not exclusive it is weak, because it cannot account for why one disorder develops and not the other
This is an example of-

A

Exhaustive and exclusive

54
Q

The model and its components can be tested and proved or disproved

A

Testable

55
Q

Stuttering is caused by a speakers state of mind. It is difficult to find a objective wat to measure it.
This is an example of-

A

Testable

56
Q

The model can be expanded or changed with new information

A

Flexible

57
Q

The components do not contradict each other

A

Consistent

58
Q

Serves as the purpose of explaining (i.e. Not just describing)

A

Explanatory

Fluency Disorders (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions