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Fluency Disorders > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define stuttering according to societal terms

A

May refer to any moments when the flow of speech is disrupted

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2
Q

SLPs or those who experience genuine moments of stuttering may not apply the term so loosely. True or false

A

True

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3
Q

All types of speech disruptions stuttering or otherwise

A

Disfluency

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4
Q

How might an SLP define stuttering?

A

Observed instances of sensorimotor disruptions in the flow of speech that are distinctly different from the hesitations and minor disfluencies commonly found in people’s chatter

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5
Q

Apparent momentary loss of capacity to control or to regulate speech actions for moving forward with subsequent sounds or syllables

A

Sensorimotor disruption

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6
Q

A statement of the exact meaning of a word or a concept, or the essential qualities or features of a phenomenon or an object

A

Definition

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7
Q

Why have the definitions of stuttering varied so much?

A
  1. Depending on areas of expertise, interests, and needs of the definers.
  2. Influenced by dimensions of stuttering, typical age of onset, patterns of development, suspected etiology, and more
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8
Q

In reference to the surface. Such as interruptions to the flow of speech

A

Disordered speech

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9
Q

In reference to other important aspects. Such as physiological tensions, emotional reactions, cognition, and social facets

A

Complex disorder

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10
Q

___ occurs when the “ forward flow of speech is interrupted by a motorically disrupted sound, syllable, or word or the speakers reaction thereto.”

A

Stuttering

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11
Q

Dimensions of normal speech fluency include:

A

Rate
Continuity
Tension effort

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12
Q

Appropriate speech timing

A

Rate

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13
Q

Smooth connections

A

Continuity

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14
Q

Appropriate force

A

Tension effort

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15
Q

Order of physiological processes in speech production

A

Respiratory
Phonatory
Articulatory
Speech

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16
Q

Observable interruptions in on-going speech. Refers to all speech interruptions, normal or not. Occurs in everybody’s speech, not only present in those who stutter

A

Disfluency

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17
Q

Types of disfluency

A

Part- word repetition
Single syllable word repetition
Dysrhythmic phonation
Phase repetition
Multiple syllable word repetition
Revision
Interjection

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18
Q

Part- word repetition example

A

Bu- bu- but

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19
Q

Single syllable word repetition example

A

And- and- and

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20
Q

Dysrhythmic phonation example

A

Mo——— mmy

21
Q

Phase repetition example

A

I like to - I like to

22
Q

Multiple syllable word repetition example

A

Summer— summer— summertime

23
Q

Revision example

A

It was, I mean

24
Q

Interjection example

A

Ummm, well, er

25
Q

6 major multidimensional aspect of a stuttering disorder

A

Overt speech characteristics
Physical concomitants
Physiological activity
Affective features
Cognitive processes
Social dynamics

26
Q

_____ include tense body movements, “ secondary characteristics”

A

Physical concomitants

27
Q

____ Includes changes in blood flow, skin reactions, pupil responses, brainwave activities

A

Physiological activity

28
Q

____ includes emotional reactions about talking, fears of speaking, avoidance

A

Affective features

29
Q

___ includes awareness and predicting

A

Cognitive processes

30
Q

Types of disorder- oriented definition

A

Organic
Listener-based
Psychopathogenic
Psychosocial
Learning
Speakers perspective

31
Q

view that stuttering is organically based and rests on some heritable factor of structure or biochemistry

A

Organic

32
Q

“Stuttering is primarily an epileptic disorder manifested in dyssynergies of the neuromotor mechanism for speech.”

A

Robert West (1958)

33
Q

“Stuttering is a disorder of timing. It is a temporal disruption of simultaneous and successive programming of muscular movement aimed at producing a sounds or a syllable.”

A

Charles Van Riper (1971)

34
Q

Based on the listeners perspective

A

Listener based

35
Q

A speech disorder affecting the fluency of sounds, syllables, words, or phrases, and by prolongation of sounds and blocking of the articulation of words. Severer forms may be associated with facial grimacing, limb and postural gestures, involuntary grunts, or impaired control of airflow. Severity varies with the speakers situation and audience

A

Churchill’s medial dictionary

36
Q

Popular during the first half of the 20th century. Theoretical orientation has lost much ground. Diversity in opinions

A

Psychopathogenic orientations

37
Q

“ stuttering is a neurotic disorder in which personality disturbances is partially reflected in speech. It is a psychopathological symptom of conversion disorder

A

Peter Glauber (1958)

38
Q

Psychosocial problems are known as

A

Psychosocial orientation

39
Q

“Stuttering is a morbidity of social consciousness, a hyper-sensitivity of social attitude, a pathological social response.”

A

John fletcher (1928)

40
Q

“ stuttering is a transient (brief) disturbance in communicating propositional language.”

A

Jon Eisenson (1958)

41
Q

Based on past experience a speaker anticipates stuttering and reacts by setting off a learned array of cognitive emotional and tense physical responses that end up as struggled, stuttered speech

A

Learning orientations

42
Q

“Stuttering is an anticipatory, apprehensive, hypertonic, avoidance, reaction.”

A

Wendell Johnson (1955)

43
Q

Person who stutters point of view

A

Speakers perspective

44
Q

“Stuttering indicates a loss of the control to voluntarily continue a disrupted utterance.”

A

William Perkins (1990)

45
Q

“Disorders of the rhythm of speech in which the individual knows precisely what he wishes to say, but at the time is unable to say it because of involuntary repetitive prolongation or cessation of a sound.”

A

WHO

46
Q

Articulatory gestures in a holding pattern (repetition, prolongation, block) in an attempted delivery of syllables or elements of syllables

A
47
Q

Stuttering events are characterized by frequent and/or intense intermittent disruptions to the integration of syllables or elements of syllables

A
48
Q

When the disorder persists, a range of multidimensional characteristics are acquired such as

A

Overt body tension, motor-physiological adaptations, as well as emotional, cognitive and social reactions

Fluency Disorders (10 decks)

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