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Fluency Disorders > chapter 9 > Flashcards

chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

adults are typicallly ____ for consulation and therapy and are the main source of inforamtion about themselves

A

Self-referred

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2
Q

Parents are the ones who bring the child in and the role of the informant falls to the _____- typically the ____

A

Parent; mother

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3
Q

Close agreement between the parents and clinicians diagnosis of stuttering in preschool-age children. True or false

A

True

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4
Q

Objectives of the initial evaluation

A

-Case history
-Other domains and contributing factors- health issues and achievement of developmental milestones
-Quantified disfluent speech, other features of speech including fluctuation in response to various conditions
-Other domains- language phonology, motor skills, and hearing
-Prognosis and recommendations
-Initial parent counseling

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5
Q

Case and family history includes

A

A. Exact time, circumstances and type of onset (sudden, gradual)
B. Description of the initial stuttering characteristics, including specific speech disfluencies, physical behaviors and emotional reactions
C. Descriptions of changes in the stuttering characteristics and severity from onset date

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6
Q

Initial parent counseling includes

A

Information about stuttering and guidance for responding to it at home, at day care and in other settings

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7
Q

Case history important information includes the following:

A

-family’s stuttering history: 65% chance of matching the family pattern
-exact time of onset
-manner of onset (gradual/sudden)
-symptomology of onset and present
-general development and health history

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8
Q

Parent report includes

A

Asking the parents if they have noticed any indication that the child is aware of the stuttering?
Also ask the parent how they respond when the child reacts emotionally?

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9
Q

In order to gain awareness and emotional reactions you must have—-

A
  1. Parent report
  2. Direct questioning
  3. Puppet test
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10
Q

Direct questioning involves

A

Asking the child if he/she is a good talker or even makes mistakes when talking.
Example- who else talks like that? Do you sometimes talk like that?

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11
Q

Example of puppet test involves

A

Kiddy cat

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12
Q

In the _____, you must transcribe the recorded speech sample, replaying the audio-or video-material phrase by phrase, or word by word, or line phrase

A

Speech sample

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13
Q

In speech sample, you must identify and classify each _____ according to the __ disfluency types

A

Disfluent event; 6

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14
Q

In speech sample, you must ____ the _______ of each type

A

Calculate; respective frequencies

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15
Q

_____ are difficult to assess in children due to the high frequency of both short utterances and long silences

A

Speech rate

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16
Q

Speech rate can be ____ from the ___ speech sample

A

Extracted; spontaneous

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17
Q

Speech rate is known as the ___

A

Overall speech rate

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18
Q

Risks for persistent stuttering or chance for natural recovery, primary factors include:

A
  1. Family history
  2. Gender
  3. Stuttering trends
  4. Duration of stuttering
  5. Age of onset
  6. Disfluency length
  7. Sound prolongations/blocks
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19
Q

Family history includes how ___ and _______ tend to go in the family

A

Persistency and natural recovery

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20
Q

A child with familial history of _______ has a 65% chance to follow same pattern

A

Persistent stuttering

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21
Q

A child with familial history of ______ has a 65% chance to follow same pattern

A

Recovered stuttering

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22
Q

Gender: _____ have a greater risk for persistence than _____

A

Boys; girls

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23
Q

Boys also tend to recover sooner. True or false

A

False. Girls also tend to recover sooner

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24
Q

If a girl fails to improve within a year, then her risk for persistent stuttering _____

A

Increases

25
Q

In stuttering trends, the change over time in frequency of SLD provides a critical cue. True or false

A

True

26
Q

A downward stuttering trend during the first 9 months to 1 year, even if the frequency remains high, is a strong sign of not recovering. True or false

A

False. A downward stuttering trend during the first 9 months to 1 year, even if the frequency remains high, is a strong sign of recovering.

27
Q

20 to 12 stuttering trends over 3 months is good, however stable number 12 over same period is not good. True or false

A

True

28
Q

If stuttering has continued for 1 year, the risk for persistency ____

A

Increases

29
Q

The ____ the history, the ___ the risk of duration of stuttering

A

Longer; higher

30
Q

Late age of onset

A

50 to 60 months (4 to 5 years)

31
Q

Late age of onset- 50 to 60 months (4 to 5 years), tends to be associated with _____

A

Persistency

32
Q

The older the child is at onset, the higher his or her ___ of stuttering and the _____ emotional reactions.

A

Awareness; consequent

33
Q

Disfluency length and tempo, the reduction of the number of repetition units typically coincides with a lowering in the frequency of stuttering and is a sign of possible recovery. True or false

A

True

34
Q

___ tempo of the repetition favors recovery

A

Slower

35
Q

Duration of blocks and prolongations during the early months is not a predictive factor. True or false

A

True

36
Q

Sound prolongation/ blocks: A ______ in the percentage of sound prolongations in the total disfluency signals recovery

A

Decline

37
Q

Clients performance is compared against available data starting with those pertaining to stuttering:

A

A. Percentage of stuttered words or syllables
B. Type/frequency of disfluency
C. The extend and/or duration of disfluency
D. Secondary characteristics

38
Q

Generally a frequency of _____ SLDs is the minimal level of SLD required to be designated as stuttering

A

3 or 4

39
Q

Clinical interpretation of SLD example

A

3 SLDs per 100 syllables or words
3% syllables or words stuttered

40
Q

Stuttering severity is based on ____

A

Perceptual rating scale

41
Q

What is the perceptual rating scale

A

Using the same scale used by the parents perception which allows for direct comparison

42
Q

Approximately ___% or more children who begin stuttering can be expected to exhibit natural recovery

A

75

43
Q

____ Assert and raise several ethical and clinical questions

A

Prognosis

44
Q

Children who we suspect are more likely to develop chronic stuttering are recommended for therapy without delay (wait and see). True or false

A

True

45
Q

To obtain a prognosis, maybe only ____ sessions is called for initially

A

2-3

46
Q

A prognosis may require immediate therapy for ____ and/or ____

A

Language and/or phonology

47
Q

Tools for making reasonable risk assessments not powerful enough for making accurate predictions about natural recovery versus persistence of stuttering. True or false

A

True

48
Q

To conclude a parent conference:

A
  1. Parent will receive feedback about the clinicians findings and recommendations
  2. Have an opportunity to ask questions and receive information and guidance regarding stuttering
49
Q

Clinicians outlines the main characteristics of stuttering:

A

-dominant disfluency type(s)
-secondary characteristics
-variations in the level of stuttering when talking to parent and clinician
-the overall severity rating
-indications of awareness and emotional reactions
-specific results of language, phonology, motor, hearing, and any other tests and observations

50
Q

During parent counseling, one must provide:

A

A. Summary of findings
B. Considerations for intervention
C. Information about stuttering
D. Advice to parents: home environment & handling stuttering events

51
Q

Advice to parents include:

A

A. Home environment
B. Handling stuttering events

52
Q

Advice to parents in the home environment include:

A
  • decrease various pressures
  • decrease emotional and physical excitement
  • more relaxed, slow paced activities
  • speak slower, especially to child
  • promote child’s self confidence
53
Q

Increase emotional and physical excitement, this is an example of advice to parents in the home environment. True or false

A

False

54
Q

Decrease various pressures. This is an example of advice to parents in the home environment. True or false

A

True

55
Q

Advice to parents handling stuttering includes:

A
  • listen patiently as child stutters
  • repeat child’s stuttered words
  • more direct suggestions
  • reinforce fluency
  • show empathy
56
Q

In advice to parents handling stuttering, when respecting child’s stuttered words, make sure it is ________

A

Easily and stretched a bit

57
Q

In advice to parents handling stuttering, an example of more direct suggestions include

A

“Say this easily again” ; “lets say it easily together”

58
Q

In advice to parent handing stuttering, an example of reinforcing fluency is

A

“ this was easy”

59
Q

In advice to parents handling stuttering, an example of showing empathy is

A

“ sometimes speech is difficult”

Fluency Disorders (10 decks)

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