Midterm Practice Exams Flashcards
According to the Central Dogma of molecular biology (4 pts)
A. RNA is translated from a DNA template then transcribed.
B. Proteins are transcribed at same time they are translated.
C. The flow of information is from DNA to RNA to protein.
D. Reverse Transcriptase is used to remove introns from RNA.
C. The flow of information is from DNA to RNA to protein.
Eukaryotic transcription can be controlled by (4 pts):
A. Methylation of DNA causing a decrease in expression of these genes.
B. Histone mediated condensation of DNA causing a decrease in expression.
C. Enhancer regions located several thousand bases upstream of the promoter.
D. Promoter sequences.
E. antisense RNA
F. All of the above are true.
F. All of the above are true.
. The process of making an RNA copy of a gene is (4 pts):
A. Translation
B. Transcription
C. Transduction
D. Transformation
E. Translocation
b. Transcription
. Imprinting involves . (4 pts):
A. methylation of the DNA
B. methylation of histones
C. acetylation of histones
D. deacetylation of histones
E. nucleosome spacing rearrangements
A. methylation of the DNA
When isolating DNA from Escherichia coli phenol is used to (4 pts):
A. Enzymatically degrade the bacterial cell wall.
B. Remove RNA.
C. Remove proteins.
D. Remove water.
C. Remove proteins.
During a Northern blot _______ is transferred from a gel to a nylon membrane before probing. (4 pts)
A. DNA
B. RNA
C. Protein
D. Antibodies
B. RNA
What is the function of reverse transcriptase in the construction of a cDNA library? (4 pts)
A. Partial digestion of DNA
B. Converting single stranded mRNA into an mRNA/cDNA hybrid
C. Ligation of inserts with plasmids
D. Expression of the cDNA in E. coli.
B. Converting single stranded mRNA into an mRNA/cDNA hybrid
Which of the following components terminate the chain in a sequencing reaction. (4 pts)
A. dideoxynucleotides
B. Klenow polymerase
C. DNA polymerase III
D. deoxynucleotide
E. DNA primers
A. dideoxynucleotides
A flow cell is used in: (4 pts)
A. Illumina
B. MiSeq
C. Ion Torrent
D. HiSeq
E All of the above
E All of the above
Which of the following is considered a field of bioinformatic? (4 pts)
A. genomic
B. computational biology
C. proteomics
D. chemoinformatics
E. all of the above
E. all of the above
One difference between genetic maps and physical maps is: (4 pts)
A. Genetic maps are based on recombination frequency while physical maps are based on sequence.
B. Physical maps are based on recombination frequency while genetic maps are based on sequence.
C. Genetic maps do not require mating in order to construct.
D. There are no markers in physical maps.
E. All of the above are true.
B. Physical maps are based on recombination frequency while genetic maps are based on sequence.
To shotgun sequence a genome one would: (4 pts)
A. Begin by identifying and sequencing a single clone then finding clones that overlap this clone and
sequencing them.
B. Randomly construct a genomic library and sequence many clones from this library. Use a
computer to find overlapping clones.
C. Isolate one end of a chromosome and begin sequencing it by degradation chemistry.
D. Use chromosome walking.
B. Randomly construct a genomic library and sequence many clones from this library. Use a
computer to find overlapping clones.
DNA sequence moving to a new location in the genome is called: (4 pts)
A. Transition
B. Transposition
C. Inversion
D. Hot spot
B. Transposition
DNA and RNA are identical in structure except for: (3 pts)
a. DNA has uracil and RNA has thymine
b. RNA has ribose and DNA has deoxyribose
c. RNA has uracil and DNA has thymine
d. RNA has deoxyribose and DNA has ribose
e. A and B are correct
f. C and D are correct
g. B and C are correct
h. A and D are correct
g. B and C are correct
Epigenetics . (3pts)
a. includes changes and modifications to histones and nucleosomes
b. are inherited changes other than mutations in nucleotide sequence
c. includes imprinting from methylation of genes
d. may be mediated by noncoding RNAs
e. all of the above
e. all of the above
An antibiotic resistance gene is (2pts)
a. The reason people need to take antibiotics when they have a cold
b. Found only in eukaryotes
c. Is sometimes used to select for the bacterial cells that received vector during transformation
d. A region of DNA with many restriction enzyme sites.
c. Is sometimes used to select for the bacterial cells that received vector during transformation
A phage is a bacteria. (2pts)
True
False
False
A plasmid is an extrachromosomal genetic element that has circular DNA with an origin so it can replicate.
(2pts)
True
False
True
For RNA Quality Control, a DV200 value of 30 means that: (3 pts)
A. 30% of RNA is greater than 200 Mb
B. 30% of RNA is less than 200 Mb
C. 70% of RNA is greater than 200 bp
D. 30% of RNA is greater than 200 bp
E. 30% of RNA is less than 200 bp
D. 30% of RNA is greater than 200 bp
Monoisotopic mass is the: (3 pts)
a. highest mass of the isotopic series of a peptide and caused mainly by 1.1% 13C abundance in nature.
b. average mass of the isotopic series of a peptide and caused mainly by 1.1% 13C abundance in nature
c. lowest mass of the isotopic series of a peptide and caused mainly by 1.1% 13C abundance in nature.
d. Most reasonable mass of a protein
c. lowest mass of the isotopic series of a peptide and caused mainly by 1.1% 13C abundance in nature.
The method of isobaric tagging for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) permits at least 4 different
samples to be analyzed at one time. It uses a reactive chemical that binds the peptide and is composed of an
“isobaric tag” that is covalently attached to the “reporter group”. In MS1 the masses of a particular peptide
from each of the 4 samples are the same and only in MS/MS will the reporter group be fragmented off.
(Short answer, 12 pts)
What does isobaric mean?
Identical mass
What information about the sample does the reporter group give?
Sample number by mass and relative quantitation between samples
Stable isotope labeling of amino acids in culture (SILAC) uses either ‘heavy’ arginine or ‘heavy’ lysine
which are incorporated into proteins. Trypsin cleaves at these positions resulting in just one heavy arginine
or heavy lysine difference within each peptide. When mixed with cells not cultured with ‘heavy’ arginine
or lysine, one can determine differences in the levels of a particular peptide. (circle one, 10 pts)
True
What does phosphoproteomics quantify? (Short answer 10pts)
Amount of Phosphorylation on various amino acid side chains in a protein
Gas chromatography (GC) in GC-MS separates chemical mixtures before entering the mass spectrometer
based on two parameters: (1) temperature and (2) chemical interactions with material on the capillary wall.
(circle one, 3pts)
True
Liquid chromatography (LC) in LC-MS separates mixture before entering the mass spectrometer based on
two parameters: (1) chemical interactions with material on the microbeads within the solvent flow path and
(2) pressure (circle one, 3pts)
True
False
False
A. Electrospray Ionization (ESI)
- A high voltage stream creates a charged aerosol
B. Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI)
- A method that makes ions from a surface
C. Quadrupole
- A set of elements that modulate between positive and negative charges
D. Ion mobility separation
- The differential speeds at which ions migrate through a gas under the influence of an electric field