Exam 1- Lecture 1

Question 1

Nucleic acids include

Answer 1

DNA and RNA

Question 2

Three components of nucleotides

Answer 2

five carbon sugar
phosphate group
nitrogen containing base

Question 2

Does DNA or RNA have a hydroxyl group

Answer 2

RNA

Question 3

What does the phosphate group do?

Answer 3

connects two sugars through phosphodiester bond

Question 4

Bases of DNA and RNA

Answer 4

DNA- Guanine, cytosine, adenine, and thymine
RNA- Guanine, cytosine, adenine, and uracil

Question 5

In which orientation is DNA the most stable

Answer 5

double stranded

Question 6

Purines

Answer 6

guanine and adenine

Question 7

Pyrimidines

Answer 7

cytosine and thymine

Question 8

What are chromosomes

Answer 8

single giant strand of DNA

Question 9

In bacteria, Supercoiling is induced by

Answer 9

DNA gyrase

Question 10

Histones

Answer 10

act as spools in which DNA winds
proteins

Question 11

Chromatin is made up of

Answer 11

DNA and histones

Question 12

Nucleosomes are said to be

Answer 12

beads on chromatin

Question 13

Chromatin is coiled into

Answer 13

helical structure

Question 14

Matrix attachment regions are where

Answer 14

where 30 nm fibers attach to protein scaffold axis

Question 15

E. coli has

Answer 15

no nucleus
no nuclear envelope

Question 16

in E. Coli the DNA is found in the

Answer 16

cytosol

Question 17

E. Coli DNA has ___ copy with _____ genes

Answer 17

1, 4000

Question 18

Benefits of E. Coli for research

Answer 18

easy to grow
grows fast
can be grown in liquid or agar

Question 19

What are bacteriocins

Answer 19

kill neighboring bacteria

Question 20

Colicins are

Answer 20

bacteriocins for E. coli

Question 21

What are plasmids

Answer 21

extrachromosomal circular DNA element in the cytosol

Question 22

What happens to plasmids when host cell divides

Answer 22

plasmids divide

Question 23

What are the genes called that are inserted into plasmids

Answer 23

recombinant plasmid

Question 24

What are bacteriophage/phages?

Answer 24

bacterial viruses–> kill bacteria in process of making new viral proteins

Question 25

What is the bacteriophage life cycle

Answer 25

1. Attachment of virus to host
2. Entry of virus genome into host
3. Replication of virus genome
4. manufacture of new virus proteins
5. Assembly of new virus particles
6. Release of new virons from host

Question 26

What are diploids

Answer 26

two homologous copies of each chromosome

Question 27

What are polyploids

Answer 27

multiple copies of their genome

Question 28

What are germline cells

Answer 28

cells that divide into haploid descendants

Question 29

What are haploid descendants

Answer 29

eggs and sperm

Question 30

After mating egg and sperm you get

Answer 30

one diploid (zygote)

Question 31

What are somatic cells

Answer 31

normal cells that make up body
normally diploid

Question 32

Do somatic mutations pass onto offspring

Answer 32

no

Question 33

Do germline mutations pass onto offspring

Answer 33

yes

Question 34

Somatic cells can

Answer 34

differentiate into multiple cell types

Question 35

What is a transposable element (transposon)

Answer 35

genetic element, length of DNA that cannot exist or replicate as an independent molecule

Question 36

What is transposition

Answer 36

when transposon moves from one location to another

Question 37

What do transposons not have

Answer 37

origin of replication

Question 38

When a transposon is completely removed form one site and more to another the mechanism is

Answer 38

conservative transposition

Question 39

An alternative mechanism where a second copy of transposon is made is called

Answer 39

replicative transposition