Exam 1- Lecture 5 Flashcards
The concentration of DNA or RNA in a liquid can be determined by
measuring absorbance of UV light at 260 nm
What does PCR do
amplifies small amounts of DNA into large amounts of
What is emulsion PCR
creates multiple copies of the single piece of DNA that attaches to the bead
Genetic mapping provides information
through mating, pedigree analysis, or gene transfer experiments
based on relative order of genetic markers revealed by mating experiments
Physical mapping provides information
on the distance between markers in base pairs
markers are physically associated with location on chromosome
What are restriction fragment length polymorphisms
differences in restriction enzyme recognition sequence
some members of population have restriction enzyme site some do no
What are variable number tandem repeats
sequence motifs that occur naturally
consist of tandem repeats of 9 to 80 base pairs
What are single nucleotide polymorphism
individual substitutions of a single nucleotide that do not affect the length of the DNA sequence
What are sequence tagged sites
short sequences of base pairs that are unique and can be detected by PCR
What are expressed sequence tags
expressed in mRNA
portions of larger genes
man can be found in one gene
What are LINEs
long interspersed elements
contain genes inside LTRs
able to copy itself and insert new copies into other sites in genome
moderately repetitive
What are SINEs
short interspersed elements
highly repetitive
cannot move to new location in genome without help from LINE reverse transcriptase
shorter and inert, don’t interfere with gene function
Between SINEs and LINEs which are similar to retroviruses
LINEs
What did Sanger develop
Chain termination sequencing
How does chain termination sequencing work
DNA polymerase makes a lot of new DNA strands
stop synthesis of DNA at different base pair
fragments differ is size by one base pair
separate DNA by gel electrophoresis
identify last base pair of DNA
read backwards
