MIDTERM LEC 1: COMMUNICATIONS Flashcards
COMMUNICATION PROCESS
SENDER → MESSAGE (MOT) → DECODING
simply the act of transferring information from one place, person or group to another.
COMMUNICATION
2 TYPES OF COMMUNICATION DIRECTION
- VERTICAL COMMUNICATION
- HORIZONTAL COMMUNICATION
DETERMINE IF FORMAL OR INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
BASIS: ORIGIN
- deliberately structured
FORMAL COMMUNICATION
DETERMINE IF FORMAL OR INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
BASIS: ORIGIN
- spontaneous and unstructured
INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
DETERMINE IF FORMAL OR INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
BASIS: NATURE
- well planned, systematic and authorized
FORMAL COMMUNICATION
DETERMINE IF FORMAL OR INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
BASIS: NATURE
- unplanned, unsystematic and unauthorized
INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
DETERMINE IF FORMAL OR INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
BASIS: FLOW
- prescribed through chain of command
FORMAL COMMUNICATION
DETERMINE IF FORMAL OR INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
BASIS: FLOW
- unofficial channels not prescribed
INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
DETERMINE IF FORMAL OR INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
BASIS: FLEXIBILITY
- rigid
FORMAL COMMUNICATION
DETERMINE IF FORMAL OR INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
BASIS: FLEXIBILITY
- flexible
INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
DETERMINE IF FORMAL OR INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
BASIS: AUTHORITY
- official channel
FORMAL COMMUNICATION
DETERMINE IF FORMAL OR INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
BASIS: AUTHORITY
- unofficial
INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
DETERMINE IF FORMAL OR INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
BASIS: PURPOSE
- to achieve business objectives
FORMAL COMMUNICATION
DETERMINE IF FORMAL OR INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
BASIS: PURPOSE
- to satisfy personal needs
INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
DETERMINE IF FORMAL OR INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
BASIS: SPEED
- time taking
FORMAL COMMUNICATION
DETERMINE IF FORMAL OR INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
BASIS: SPEED
- fast
INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
DETERMINE IF FORMAL OR INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
BASIS: ACCURACY
- accurate, legal and authentic
FORMAL COMMUNICATION
DETERMINE IF FORMAL OR INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
BASIS: ACCURACY
- often distorted, may be Rumors and Gossips
INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
DETERMINE IF FORMAL OR INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
BASIS: FORM
- oral and written
FORMAL COMMUNICATION
DETERMINE IF FORMAL OR INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
BASIS: FORM
- usually oral
INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
DETERMINE IF FORMAL OR INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
BASIS: SOURCE
- can be traced
FORMAL COMMUNICATION
DETERMINE IF FORMAL OR INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
BASIS: SOURCE
- cannot be traced
INFORMAL COMMUNICATION
METHOD OF COMMUNICATION
- direct person-to-person communication
- immediate feedback
3 elements: VERBAL, VOCAL, VISUAL
A. ORAL COMMUNICATION
B. PHONE COMMUNICATION
C. WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
ORAL COMMUNICATION
METHOD OF COMMUNICATION
- no visual contact
- proper courtesy
- tone of voice > words itself
A. ORAL COMMUNICATION
B. PHONE COMMUNICATION
C. WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
PHONE COMMUNICATION
METHOD OF COMMUNICATION
- provides a permanent record but limited feedback
- 4 elements: CONTENT, STYLE, TECHNIQUE, FORMAT
A. ORAL COMMUNICATION
B. PHONE COMMUNICATION
C. WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
MEMO OR LETTER?
POINT OF DIFFERENCE: SCOPE
- shorter than letter
- used only within the company
MEMO
MEMO OR LETTER?
POINT OF DIFFERENCE: SCOPE
- scope is larger
- used for both internal and external communication
LETTER
MEMO OR LETTER?
POINT OF DIFFERENCE: FORMALITY
- there are FEW formalities
MEMO
MEMO OR LETTER?
POINT OF DIFFERENCE: FORMALITY
- is written maintaining a LOT of formalities
LETTER
MEMO OR LETTER?
POINT OF DIFFERENCE: SALUTATION
- is not used
MEMO
MEMO OR LETTER?
POINT OF DIFFERENCE: SALUTATION
- is a compulsory part
LETTER
MEMO OR LETTER?
POINT OF DIFFERENCE: COMPLIMENTARY CLOSE
- like salutation no complimentary close is required
MEMO
MEMO OR LETTER?
POINT OF DIFFERENCE: COMPLIMENTARY CLOSE
- complimentary close is an indispensable part
LETTER
MEMO OR LETTER?
POINT OF DIFFERENCE: COST
- less costly
MEMO
MEMO OR LETTER?
POINT OF DIFFERENCE: COST
- cost is higher than that of a memo
LETTER
MEMO OR LETTER?
POINT OF DIFFERENCE: SIGNATURE
- signature is not required
MEMO
MEMO OR LETTER?
POINT OF DIFFERENCE: SIGNATURE
- signature is a must
LETTER
MEMO OR LETTER?
POINT OF DIFFERENCE: LANGUAGE
- is simple and less formal
MEMO
MEMO OR LETTER?
POINT OF DIFFERENCE: LANGUAGE
- is planned and formal
LETTER
METHODS OF COMMUNICATION
- serves as written communication on screen
- follow online etiquette
- also includes texting
A. ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION
B. VISUAL COMMUNICATION
C. NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION
ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION
METHODS OF COMMUNICATION
- includes: photographs, paintings, diagrams, cartoons, and caricatures
A. ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION
B. VISUAL COMMUNICATION
C. NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION
VISUAL COMMUNICATION
METHODS OF COMMUNICATION
- includes: postures, gestures, facial expressions, microexpressions, eye contact, and body image/proximity
A. ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATION
B. VISUAL COMMUNICATION
C. NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION
NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION
BARRIERS IN COMMUNICATION
- spatial constraints
A. STRUCTURE
B. SEMANTICS
C. TECHNICAL
STRUCTURE
BARRIERS IN COMMUNICATION
- denotation (from dictionary)
- connotation (2 words; positive or negative
A. STRUCTURE
B. SEMANTICS
C. TECHNICAL
SEMANTICS
BARRIERS IN COMMUNICATION
- equipment
- environment
- medium
A. STRUCTURE
B. SEMANTICS
C. TECHNICAL
TECHNICAL
BARRIERS IN COMMUNICATION
- perception
A. PEOPLE
B.INTERPERSONAL
C. OUTCOME
PEOPLE
BARRIERS IN COMMUNICATION
- credibility
A. PEOPLE
B.INTERPERSONAL
C. OUTCOME
INTERPERSONAL
what are the 6 barriers in communication?
- STRUCTURE
- SEMANTICS
- TECHNICAL
- PEOPLE
- INTERPERSONAL
- OUTCOME
TYPES OF LISTENING
- very reactive
A. NON - LISTENER
B. EVALUATIVE LISTENER
C. MARGINAL LISTENER
D. ACTIVE LISTENER
EVALUATIVE LISTENER
TYPES OF LISTENING
- listening while doing something
A. NON - LISTENER
B. EVALUATIVE LISTENER
C. MARGINAL LISTENER
D. ACTIVE LISTENER
MARGINAL LISTENER
TYPES OF LISTENING
- listening while staring
A. NON - LISTENER
B. EVALUATIVE LISTENER
C. MARGINAL LISTENER
D. ACTIVE LISTENER
ACTIVE LISTENER
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
- person wishing to transmit a message
Sender
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
- the actual format of the communication effort
Message
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
- the vehicle by which a message is sent
Mode of Transmission (MOT)
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
- the target of the message; either
an individual or group.
Receiver
ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
- how a receiver translates the
message
Decoding
The purpose of both channels is to
disseminate information and carry
messages from a person or group to
others in the organization
TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
It’s how the communication flows in
the organizational hierarchy.
Communication Direction
HORIZONTAL OR VERTICAL COMMUNICATION
- is a business
communication strategy in which
information,tasks, and requests move UPWARD and DOWNWARD between senior management and lower-level employees
VERTICAL COMMUNICATION
HORIZONTAL OR VERTICAL COMMUNICATION
- Communication established with
people on the SAME HIERARCHICAL LEVEL
within the company (or project).
HORIZONTAL COMMUNICATION
Types of Listener
- does not hear anything the speaker says
- characterized by a blank stare and nervous mannerisms and gestures
Non Listener
Types of Listener
- hears the sound and words but not the meaning and intent
- often described as SUPERFICIAL LISTENERS
Marginal Listener
Types of Listener
- actively trying to hear what the speaker is saying but is not making an effort to understand the speaker’s intent
Evaluative Listener
Types of Listener
- most comprehensive and powerful level of Listener
- also refered to as responsive listening/reflective listening
Active Listener