midterm important stuff Flashcards
acceleration =
m/s2 (newtons second law)
pressure =
force/area
pressure increases by ____ force or ____area
increase force, decrease area
doubling the diameter on a syringe ____ pressure
decreases (by a factor of 4)
popping a balloon demonstrates
you either need a large force over a large area or a pin.. small force over small area
1 ATM =
760
calculating tank pressures -
percent x 760
aneroid - has liquid or no?
no
bourdon gauge - total pressure =
tank + ATM
on a mountain there is less ATM pressure, so ___ tank pressure
less
order of losing heat to processes
rad, convec, conduc, evap
work =
force x displacement. measured in joules
work = Pressure x
change in V
if you double the pressure in a gas cylinder,
you’ll decrease the gas to half its volume
zeroth law
tem a=b, b=c, a=c
1st law of thermodynamics
change in internal energy of a system is = to the sum of the heat processes that cause energy to flow into and out of the system and work done
2nd law of thermo
entropy. heat flows from hot to cold when two bodies are brought into thermal contact
3rd law of thermo
can’t lower the temp of an object to absolute 0
w<0
work done BY the system. expansion
w>0
work done ON the system, compression
heat capacity
ratio between the amt of heat added or removed from an object to change temp
insulators have ___ specific heat
high
conductors have ___ specific heat
low
to change heat.. heat capacity is ___ proportional
inversely
to change heat.. temp gradient, surface area, forced convection…
directly
specific gravity
relationship btw an object’s density and density of H20
pressure =
f/a
pressure is ___ proportional to cross section of radius
INVERSELY
pascals principle
hydraulic system- confined fluids at a given pressure…. if you increase pressure, you increase the force applied unchanged to every point in the fluid.
flow rate
VOLUME passing particular point/unit time
bernoulli says
as speed of fluid increase, pressure exerted by fluid decreases
what determines laminar flow
viscosity
what determines turbulent flow
density
pouiseuilles
flow is directly proportional to radius and pressure difference, inversely proportional to viscosity and length
pouiseille likes
wide, short, and anemic, and high IV ( increases pressure)
short needle will ____ flow
increase
increase IV height will ___ flow
increase pressure diff, increase flow.
increase IV height will ___ flow
increase pressure diff, increase flow.
if you double the radius, increase flow by
16x
if you triple the radius, increase flow by
81x
archimedes principle
any object immersed either totally or partially in a fluid feels a buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced
Flow becomes turbulent if
velocity increases, tube wall rough, kicks/bends >25 degree angle, flows thru orific. any constriction that results in fluid velocity increasing.
> what # does flow change from laminar to turbulet
1500-2000
intermolecular forces with gases?
none
if you have more IM forces, ___ boiling/melting point
increased
if you have more IM forces, ___ vapor pressure
decreased
if you have more IM forces, ___ heats of fusion & vaporization
increased
metals ___ electrons and are
release, cations
non-metals ___ anions and are
attract, insulators
molecules near surface of droplet experience a net ___ force
inward
Laplace’s law explains
why the surface tension on a blood vessel wall feeds on the radius of the vessel
laplace says if you ___ radius you ___ tension
increase, increase
aneurysms ___ wall tension
decrease
___ head and ____ tail
polar (hydrophilic) head and non-polar (hydrophobic) tail
if you increase temp, you ___ vapor pressure
increase
increases vapor pressure at a normal temp =
volatility
boiling point
the temp at which vapor pressure = ambient pressure
increase ambient pressure, ____ boiling point
increase
a more volatile liquid has a ___ vapor pressure
higher
a more volatile liquid has a ___ boiling point
lower
solid to gas is
sublimation
gas to solid is
deposition
vapor pressure of sevo
157
vapor pressure of iso
239
vapor pressure of des
669
fahrenheit =
9/5 x C + 32
1 inch
2.54cm
sig figs assess
reliability
accuracy
agreement between experimental data and the true value
precision
agreement between replicate measures
precision is quantified by
standard dev
percent error is a measure of
accuracy
density
ratio of mass: volume
specific gravity
density when the units are g/ml
spec grav = density when
the units are g/ml
if the tank reads 0, the pressure inside is really
14 psi = 1atm
