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chem S.Horvath > midterm important stuff > Flashcards

midterm important stuff Flashcards

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1
Q

acceleration =

A

m/s2 (newtons second law)

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2
Q

pressure =

A

force/area

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3
Q

pressure increases by ____ force or ____area

A

increase force, decrease area

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4
Q

doubling the diameter on a syringe ____ pressure

A

decreases (by a factor of 4)

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5
Q

popping a balloon demonstrates

A

you either need a large force over a large area or a pin.. small force over small area

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6
Q

1 ATM =

A

760

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7
Q

calculating tank pressures -

A

percent x 760

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8
Q

aneroid - has liquid or no?

A

no

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9
Q

bourdon gauge - total pressure =

A

tank + ATM

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10
Q

on a mountain there is less ATM pressure, so ___ tank pressure

A

less

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11
Q

order of losing heat to processes

A

rad, convec, conduc, evap

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12
Q

work =

A

force x displacement. measured in joules

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13
Q

work = Pressure x

A

change in V

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14
Q

if you double the pressure in a gas cylinder,

A

you’ll decrease the gas to half its volume

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15
Q

zeroth law

A

tem a=b, b=c, a=c

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16
Q

1st law of thermodynamics

A

change in internal energy of a system is = to the sum of the heat processes that cause energy to flow into and out of the system and work done

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17
Q

2nd law of thermo

A

entropy. heat flows from hot to cold when two bodies are brought into thermal contact

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18
Q

3rd law of thermo

A

can’t lower the temp of an object to absolute 0

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19
Q

w<0

A

work done BY the system. expansion

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20
Q

w>0

A

work done ON the system, compression

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21
Q

heat capacity

A

ratio between the amt of heat added or removed from an object to change temp

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22
Q

insulators have ___ specific heat

A

high

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23
Q

conductors have ___ specific heat

A

low

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24
Q

to change heat.. heat capacity is ___ proportional

A

inversely

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25
Q

to change heat.. temp gradient, surface area, forced convection…

A

directly

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26
Q

specific gravity

A

relationship btw an object’s density and density of H20

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27
Q

pressure =

A

f/a

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28
Q

pressure is ___ proportional to cross section of radius

A

INVERSELY

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29
Q

pascals principle

A

hydraulic system- confined fluids at a given pressure…. if you increase pressure, you increase the force applied unchanged to every point in the fluid.

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30
Q

flow rate

A

VOLUME passing particular point/unit time

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31
Q

bernoulli says

A

as speed of fluid increase, pressure exerted by fluid decreases

32
Q

what determines laminar flow

A

viscosity

33
Q

what determines turbulent flow

A

density

34
Q

pouiseuilles

A

flow is directly proportional to radius and pressure difference, inversely proportional to viscosity and length

35
Q

pouiseille likes

A

wide, short, and anemic, and high IV ( increases pressure)

36
Q

short needle will ____ flow

A

increase

37
Q

increase IV height will ___ flow

A

increase pressure diff, increase flow.

38
Q

increase IV height will ___ flow

A

increase pressure diff, increase flow.

39
Q

if you double the radius, increase flow by

A

16x

40
Q

if you triple the radius, increase flow by

A

81x

41
Q

archimedes principle

A

any object immersed either totally or partially in a fluid feels a buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced

42
Q

Flow becomes turbulent if

A

velocity increases, tube wall rough, kicks/bends >25 degree angle, flows thru orific. any constriction that results in fluid velocity increasing.

43
Q

> what # does flow change from laminar to turbulet

A

1500-2000

44
Q

intermolecular forces with gases?

A

none

45
Q

if you have more IM forces, ___ boiling/melting point

A

increased

46
Q

if you have more IM forces, ___ vapor pressure

A

decreased

47
Q

if you have more IM forces, ___ heats of fusion & vaporization

A

increased

48
Q

metals ___ electrons and are

A

release, cations

49
Q

non-metals ___ anions and are

A

attract, insulators

50
Q

molecules near surface of droplet experience a net ___ force

A

inward

51
Q

Laplace’s law explains

A

why the surface tension on a blood vessel wall feeds on the radius of the vessel

52
Q

laplace says if you ___ radius you ___ tension

A

increase, increase

53
Q

aneurysms ___ wall tension

A

decrease

54
Q

___ head and ____ tail

A

polar (hydrophilic) head and non-polar (hydrophobic) tail

55
Q

if you increase temp, you ___ vapor pressure

A

increase

56
Q

increases vapor pressure at a normal temp =

A

volatility

57
Q

boiling point

A

the temp at which vapor pressure = ambient pressure

58
Q

increase ambient pressure, ____ boiling point

A

increase

59
Q

a more volatile liquid has a ___ vapor pressure

A

higher

60
Q

a more volatile liquid has a ___ boiling point

A

lower

61
Q

solid to gas is

A

sublimation

62
Q

gas to solid is

A

deposition

63
Q

vapor pressure of sevo

A

157

64
Q

vapor pressure of iso

A

239

65
Q

vapor pressure of des

A

669

66
Q

fahrenheit =

A

9/5 x C + 32

67
Q

1 inch

A

2.54cm

68
Q

sig figs assess

A

reliability

69
Q

accuracy

A

agreement between experimental data and the true value

70
Q

precision

A

agreement between replicate measures

71
Q

precision is quantified by

A

standard dev

72
Q

percent error is a measure of

A

accuracy

73
Q

density

A

ratio of mass: volume

74
Q

specific gravity

A

density when the units are g/ml

75
Q

spec grav = density when

A

the units are g/ml

76
Q

if the tank reads 0, the pressure inside is really

A

14 psi = 1atm

chem S.Horvath (11 decks)

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