acids, bases, and buffers

Question 1

le chateliers principle

Answer 1

when a system in a state of dynamic equilibrium is disturbed, it will react to re-establish the equilibrium condition

Question 2

a system is in a state of equilibrium when

Answer 2

there is a balance between reactants and products

Question 3

the state of equilibrium is defined by

Answer 3

thermodynamics

Question 4

as K (equilibrium constant) increases, the reaction tends to increasingly favor ___

Answer 4

products

Question 5

as K (equilibrium constant) decreases, the reaction tends to increasingly favor __

Answer 5

starting materials

Question 6

if you add products, the equilibrium will shift toward

Answer 6

reactants

Question 7

if you remove products, the equilibrium will shift toward

Answer 7

products

Question 8

most generally useful definition of an amide is the

Answer 8

bronstead definition

Question 9

an acid is a proton (hydrogen ion) ___

Answer 9

donor

Question 10

a base is a proton (hydrogen ion) ___

Answer 10

acceptor

Question 11

when an acid donates a proton, it is converted into its

Answer 11

conjugate base

Question 12

when a base accepts a proton, it is converted into its

Answer 12

conjugate acid

Question 13

hydrogen and chloride are

Answer 13

acid base pairs

Question 14

amphoteric species

Answer 14

can behave as either an acid or a base

Question 15

the stronger the acid, the weaker the

Answer 15

conjugate base

Question 16

the weaker the acid, the stronger the

Answer 16

conjugate base

Question 17

a ph buffer

Answer 17

a solution that resists changes in ph

Question 18

the ___ is used to determine the ratio of a weak acid to its conjugate base at a given ph

Answer 18

henderson hasselbach equation

Question 19

when the concentration of a weak acid and its conjugate base are equal,

Answer 19

the ph is equal to the pKa

Question 20

nonionized =

Answer 20

lipid soluble

Question 21

ionized form of a drug is ___ soluble

Answer 21

water

Question 22

what is the ph of the body

Answer 22

7.4

Question 23

acid + acid =

Answer 23

nonionized

Question 24

if you see a salt drug - sodium drug, calcium drug, magnesium drug, you would recognize the drug as

Answer 24

the salt form of a weak acid

Question 25

base + base =

Answer 25

nonionized

Question 26

if you see salt: “drug” chloride, “drug” sulfate, recognize them as

Answer 26

the salt form of a weak base

Question 27

the pk50 of a weak acid/base is

Answer 27

the ph at which 50% is ionized and 50% is non-ionized

Question 28

the greater the ___ portion of the drug, the greater the transfer to brain and fetus

Answer 28

non-ionized

Question 29

the nonionized form of a weak acid is the ___ and the ionized form is its ___

Answer 29

acid, conjugate base

Question 30

the non-ionized form of a weak base is the ___ and then ionized portion is the ____

Answer 30

base . conjugate acid

Question 31

a substance that accepts a hydrogen ion is said to be

Answer 31

protonated

Question 32

examples of weak acid drugs

Answer 32

thiopental, barbiturates, prop

Question 33

examples of weak base drugs

Answer 33

lidocaine (locals), morphine (opioids), versed (benzos), propofol:?

Question 34

trapping of local anesthetics in fetal circulation

Answer 34

the ph of the fetus is lower than maternal, the circulating non-ionized drug crosses the placental barrier. once in the fetus, equilibrium is reestablished, with a greater % ionized and trapped in fetal circulation