gas laws2 Flashcards
kinetic molecular theory of gases assumes that
the molecules are very small relative to the distance between molecules. the molecules are in constant, random motion and frequently collide with each other and with the walls of any container
the density of a gas is
the sum of the mass of the molecules divided by the volume which the gas occupies
the pressure of a gas is
a measure of the linear momentum of the molecules.
force divided by area is
pressure
temperature is a measure of
mean kinetic energy of the gas
the higher the temp, the ___ the motion
greater
kinetic energy + potential energy =
internal energy
temp is ___ proportional to average KE
directly
the ___ is the same for gases at the same temp
average KE
grahams law of effusion
the rate of effusion is inversely proportional to the square root of the molecular mass
effusion and ___ are substantially the same process
diffusion
effusion is
the movement of a gas through a small opening
the rate of effusion depends on ___ of molecules
speed
ficks law
rate of diffusion of gas across a permeable membrane is determined by the chemical nature of the membrane itself, the surface area of the membrane, the partial pressure gradient of the gas across the membrane.. the thickness of the membrane
diffusion rate of gas is directly proportional to
partial pressure gradient, membrane area, solubility of gas in membrane
diffusion rate is inversely proportional to
membrane thickness, the square root of the molecular weight
ficks law
diffusion limited gas exchange
what is diffusion limited gas exchange
the rate at which gas is transported away from functioning alveoli and into tissues is principally limited by the diffusion rate of the gas across the alveolar membrane
the partial pressure of nitrous oxide equilibrates ____
rapidly
enhancing the diffusion rate of the gas across the alveolar membrane has what effect on the blood transport rate of nitrous away from the lungs?
none - there is a limiting factor- perfusion limitation. simply the rate of blood flow thru the pulmonary capillaries
4 things ficks law is applied to
concentration effect, second gas effect, diffusion hypoxia, why N20 leads increase in volume or increase in pressure in gas spaces in the body
even though CO2 is larger than O2, CO2 diffuses 20x faster across the alveolar and capillary membranes. why?
because its 20x more SOLUBLE
the process by which the fetus receives 02 and drugs is simply
diffusion across a membrane
henrys law
the amt of non reacting gas which dissolves in liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas, provided the temp remains constant
as the partial pressure of a gas increases , the amt that dissolves in liquid
increases
the colder the liquid, the ___ gas will dissolve in the liquid
more
amount of gas dissolved is ____ proportional to the temp
inversely
ostwalds solubility - the higher the coefficient, the ___ readily the gas dissolves in the liquid
more
ostwalds solubility coefficient is for which interface
blood:gas
a gas with a ____ blood gas coefficient will require uptake of gas into the blood and induction will be slower
higher
high solubility = ___ onset
slower
higher partition coefficient = ____ lipophilicity = ___ potency = ____ solubility
higher higher higher
MAC ___ as blood gas partition coefficient increases
decreases
meyer-overton
agents with increased oil solubility have greater potency
ideal gases obey gas laws at
all temps/ pressures…. there are no ideal gases
real gases deviate at ___ pressure and ___ temps
high, low
who’s equation assumes that gas molecules have finite volumes and gas molecules attract one another
vänder waal
joeule-thompson effect
involves a temperature change in a gas as a result of a sudden pressure change over a valve. from high pressure to low pressure, causes cooling
adiabatic compression
compression in which no heat is added to or subtracted from the air and the internal energy of the air is increased by an amt equivalent to the work done on air.
adiabatic compression - the increase in temperature of the air tends to increase the pressure on account of the _____
decrease in volume alone
