chem review emily Flashcards
which element do you avoid in dialysis patients
aluminum
which element is associated with neurological/cns problem and cancers
aluminum
what heavy metal is opaque in xrays
barium
which element is naturally occurring, liquid, and highly toxic
bromium
which element is vital for muscle contraction
calcium
which element binds with albumin
calcium
which elements constipate
calcium, iron
which element is used in activated charcoal
carbon
which element is found in water and is a neurotoxin
fluorine
what the most common atom in the universe
hydrogen
whats a colorless, flammable gas
hydrogen
whats a metal found in hb
iron
what tricks neurons into thinking its sodium
lithium
what element is a laxative
magnesium
what stabilizes myocardium in hypokalemia
ca
what is important for cardiac conduction and maintenance of K levels
mg
what is 80% of air
nitrogen
whats important in ATP synthesis
oxygen
low levels of ___ cause resp collaps
phos
low levels of ___ in referring syndrome
phos
which element has an inverse relationship with insulin
K
which element should you not change rapidly bc of long term/ perm destruction of brain
sodium
which has low toxicity/ high strength
titanium
which is a blue/silver metal for wound healing, cold relief, calamine lotion
zinc
bromium
liquid
he needs not having other females around his arm
gases
atomic number (Z) means
number of protons
ions are
atoms bonded together with a net charge
compound
greater than 1 atom in a fixed ratio by mass bonded together
molecules
groups of atoms chemically bonded together by covalent bonds (neutral charge)
ionic compound
contain both pos and neg charged ions with no identifiable units (not molecules), held together by charges only
intensive physical property
integral to material, regardless of amt. (color)
extesive physical property
depends on size
chemical property
describes the types of chemical changes the material tends to undergo (flammable)
substances
pure materials that cant be physically separated. (compound or element)
mixture
2 or more pure substances, can sep into simpler substances
atomic mass number (A) =
Z + N (protons plus neutrons)
the mass number can never be smaller than
the atomic number
isotope
same atomic number, different mass number. (diff number of neutrons, same # of protons)
daltons atomic theory
o Elements are composed of tiny, indivisible particles(atoms) which are identical and unique to the given element
o Compounds are formed by bonding atoms together in a fixed ratio
o Chemical reactions do not create, destroy, or change atoms into atoms of other elements; chemical reactions cause atoms to recombine into new substances
law of conservation of mass
during a chemical change, no change to total mass (they recombine)
law of definite proportions
consistent percentages regardless of sample size. diff samples of a pure compound always contain the same elements in the same proportion by mass
law of multiple proportions
some elements can combine to give more than one compound (like carbon burned in 02 produces both CO2 and carbon monoxide
periodic table are in oder of increasing
atomic number
periodic table vertical
groups/families (similar chemical/physical properties)
periodic table rows
periods ; adding electrons to energy levels (electron shells). elements at the end of the row have outer shell full of electrons
the atomic weight on periodic table is
the avg of all the isotopes
representative elements
high rises on left and right
transition elements
connector between the rep elements
inner transition elements
at the bottom of the table
metals
left side of the table
ductile
can drag it out to small think length
malleable
can pound down
non metals are located
right side of gases
solids tend to be
brittle, do not conduct, tend to form anions
intermediates
shiny luster, less malleable, and ductile than metals, conduct electricity but not well - semi coductors
mercury and bromine are
liquids….gallium melts in your hand
noble gases are
hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine
electrolyte
a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution conductivity
molecular compounds are comprised only of
nonmetals
ionic compounds are almost always comprised of
metal + nonmetal
salts -
ionic compounds - reaction of an acid and a base
which elements antacids
aluminum and ca
one of 2 naturally occurring liquids, highly toxic
bromium
what element binds to phosphate
ca
carbon has __ sites to bind
4
toxic green gas, disinfectant (Clorox, other cleaners)
chlorine
yellow, poisonous gas,
fluorine
topical antiseptics and antithyroid meds
iodine
found in each hemoglobin molecule to transport O2 through blood (the +2 is really good for picking up O2-); causes GI upset, constipation, dark stools
iron (fe)
should always replace __ before __
mg before k
odorless, colorless gas; changes the ionization of a lot of molecules by giving a positive charge
nitrogen
element of life d/t ATP synthesis, has a strong tendency to accept electrons
oxygen
found in RNA/DNA and ATP
phos
prosthetic implants, low toxicity, strong element
Titanium (Ti)
PPI’s and H2 receptor blockers:
: reduce the absorption of Fe, Ca, Mg, folic acid, and B-12 b/c they all need an acidic environment to be absorbed
substances can be a
compound or element
colorless, inert gas used as an MRI coolant
Helium
what is used for tocolytic therapy
MG
