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chem S.Horvath > chem review emily > Flashcards

chem review emily Flashcards

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1
Q

which element do you avoid in dialysis patients

A

aluminum

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2
Q

which element is associated with neurological/cns problem and cancers

A

aluminum

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3
Q

what heavy metal is opaque in xrays

A

barium

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4
Q

which element is naturally occurring, liquid, and highly toxic

A

bromium

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5
Q

which element is vital for muscle contraction

A

calcium

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6
Q

which element binds with albumin

A

calcium

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7
Q

which elements constipate

A

calcium, iron

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8
Q

which element is used in activated charcoal

A

carbon

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9
Q

which element is found in water and is a neurotoxin

A

fluorine

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10
Q

what the most common atom in the universe

A

hydrogen

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11
Q

whats a colorless, flammable gas

A

hydrogen

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12
Q

whats a metal found in hb

A

iron

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13
Q

what tricks neurons into thinking its sodium

A

lithium

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14
Q

what element is a laxative

A

magnesium

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15
Q

what stabilizes myocardium in hypokalemia

A

ca

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16
Q

what is important for cardiac conduction and maintenance of K levels

A

mg

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17
Q

what is 80% of air

A

nitrogen

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18
Q

whats important in ATP synthesis

A

oxygen

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19
Q

low levels of ___ cause resp collaps

A

phos

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20
Q

low levels of ___ in referring syndrome

A

phos

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21
Q

which element has an inverse relationship with insulin

A

K

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22
Q

which element should you not change rapidly bc of long term/ perm destruction of brain

A

sodium

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23
Q

which has low toxicity/ high strength

A

titanium

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24
Q

which is a blue/silver metal for wound healing, cold relief, calamine lotion

A

zinc

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25
Q

bromium

A

liquid

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26
Q

he needs not having other females around his arm

A

gases

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27
Q

atomic number (Z) means

A

number of protons

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28
Q

ions are

A

atoms bonded together with a net charge

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29
Q

compound

A

greater than 1 atom in a fixed ratio by mass bonded together

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30
Q

molecules

A

groups of atoms chemically bonded together by covalent bonds (neutral charge)

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31
Q

ionic compound

A

contain both pos and neg charged ions with no identifiable units (not molecules), held together by charges only

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32
Q

intensive physical property

A

integral to material, regardless of amt. (color)

33
Q

extesive physical property

A

depends on size

34
Q

chemical property

A

describes the types of chemical changes the material tends to undergo (flammable)

35
Q

substances

A

pure materials that cant be physically separated. (compound or element)

36
Q

mixture

A

2 or more pure substances, can sep into simpler substances

37
Q

atomic mass number (A) =

A

Z + N (protons plus neutrons)

38
Q

the mass number can never be smaller than

A

the atomic number

39
Q

isotope

A

same atomic number, different mass number. (diff number of neutrons, same # of protons)

40
Q

daltons atomic theory

A

o Elements are composed of tiny, indivisible particles(atoms) which are identical and unique to the given element
o Compounds are formed by bonding atoms together in a fixed ratio
o Chemical reactions do not create, destroy, or change atoms into atoms of other elements; chemical reactions cause atoms to recombine into new substances

41
Q

law of conservation of mass

A

during a chemical change, no change to total mass (they recombine)

42
Q

law of definite proportions

A

consistent percentages regardless of sample size. diff samples of a pure compound always contain the same elements in the same proportion by mass

43
Q

law of multiple proportions

A

some elements can combine to give more than one compound (like carbon burned in 02 produces both CO2 and carbon monoxide

44
Q

periodic table are in oder of increasing

A

atomic number

45
Q

periodic table vertical

A

groups/families (similar chemical/physical properties)

46
Q

periodic table rows

A

periods ; adding electrons to energy levels (electron shells). elements at the end of the row have outer shell full of electrons

47
Q

the atomic weight on periodic table is

A

the avg of all the isotopes

48
Q

representative elements

A

high rises on left and right

49
Q

transition elements

A

connector between the rep elements

50
Q

inner transition elements

A

at the bottom of the table

51
Q

metals

A

left side of the table

52
Q

ductile

A

can drag it out to small think length

53
Q

malleable

A

can pound down

54
Q

non metals are located

A

right side of gases

55
Q

solids tend to be

A

brittle, do not conduct, tend to form anions

56
Q

intermediates

A

shiny luster, less malleable, and ductile than metals, conduct electricity but not well - semi coductors

57
Q

mercury and bromine are

A

liquids….gallium melts in your hand

58
Q

noble gases are

A

hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine

59
Q

electrolyte

A

a substance that dissolves in water to give a solution conductivity

60
Q

molecular compounds are comprised only of

A

nonmetals

61
Q

ionic compounds are almost always comprised of

A

metal + nonmetal

62
Q

salts -

A

ionic compounds - reaction of an acid and a base

63
Q

which elements antacids

A

aluminum and ca

64
Q

one of 2 naturally occurring liquids, highly toxic

A

bromium

65
Q

what element binds to phosphate

A

ca

66
Q

carbon has __ sites to bind

A

4

67
Q

toxic green gas, disinfectant (Clorox, other cleaners)

A

chlorine

68
Q

yellow, poisonous gas,

A

fluorine

69
Q

topical antiseptics and antithyroid meds

A

iodine

70
Q

found in each hemoglobin molecule to transport O2 through blood (the +2 is really good for picking up O2-); causes GI upset, constipation, dark stools

A

iron (fe)

71
Q

should always replace __ before __

A

mg before k

72
Q

odorless, colorless gas; changes the ionization of a lot of molecules by giving a positive charge

A

nitrogen

73
Q

element of life d/t ATP synthesis, has a strong tendency to accept electrons

A

oxygen

74
Q

found in RNA/DNA and ATP

A

phos

75
Q

prosthetic implants, low toxicity, strong element

A

Titanium (Ti)

76
Q

PPI’s and H2 receptor blockers:

A

: reduce the absorption of Fe, Ca, Mg, folic acid, and B-12 b/c they all need an acidic environment to be absorbed

77
Q

substances can be a

A

compound or element

78
Q

colorless, inert gas used as an MRI coolant

A

Helium

79
Q

what is used for tocolytic therapy

A

MG

chem S.Horvath (11 decks)

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