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NEUROANATOMY > Midterm II > Flashcards

Midterm II Flashcards

1
Q

Define Ganglion

A

groups of perikaryon outside the CNS can be sensory or autonomous

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2
Q

Define nucleus

A

a group of nerve cells in the CSN

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3
Q

Define what type of neuron is the primary sensory neurons?

A

pseudounipolar neurons

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4
Q

what area is a dendrite?

A

postsynaptic

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5
Q

what area are the axons?

A

presynaptic

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6
Q

course of axons?

A

can course away from perikaryon to another place - tract neuron can course to the vicinity of the perikaryon - interneurons

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7
Q

synonyme for axons?

A

nerve fibers

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8
Q

content of Grey Matter?

A

perikaryon nerve fibers of interneurons Glial cells blood vessels

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9
Q

content of White Matter?

A

mainly nerve fibers (axons) Glial cells Bloodvessels

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10
Q

what do we divide the white matter into?

A

Funiculi Tracts Commissure

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11
Q

what type of nerve fibers do we have in the PNS?

A

A alpha (thick myelinated) A beta (thick myelinated) A gamma (myelinated) A delta (thin myelinated) B (thin myelinated) C (unmyelinated)

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12
Q

Define a nerve

A

bundle of nerve fibers outside CNS

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13
Q

Define tract

A

Bundle of nerve fibers inside CNS

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14
Q

Define monosynaptic reflex arch

A

simplest reflex arch with only a sensory and a motory neuron

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15
Q

what are the parts of the grey matter?

A

Dorsal horn

Ventral horn

intermediat zone

(lateral horn)

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16
Q

what are the parts f the white matter?

A

dorsal funiculi

ventral funiculi

lateral funiculi

ventral commissure

Lissauer tract

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17
Q

what are the Rexed lamina composing the dorsal horn?

A

Lamina I (marginal layer)

Lamina II (Substantia gelatinosa)

Lamina III and IV (nucleus proprius)

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18
Q

what are the Rexed lamina composing the intermediate zone?

A

Lamina V

Lamina VI

Lamina VII

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19
Q

What are the Rexed lamina composing the ventral horn?

A

Lamina VIII

Lamina IX

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20
Q

What are the Rexed lamina surrounding the central canal?

A

Lamina X

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21
Q

what are the three types of reflex arches we have?

A

strech reflex

withdrawl reflex

autonomous reflex

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22
Q

what are the synonyms for strech reflex arch?

A

Monosynaptic reflex arch

proprioceptiv reflex arch

myotactic reflex arch

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23
Q

what type of reflex do you see on the picture?

name the components

A

Strech reflex/proprioceptiv reflex arc

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24
Q

what is found in the intermediat zone?

A

Lamina VII and clarke’s column

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25
Q

synonyms of the withdrawl reflex arch

A

nociceptiv reflex arch

ipsilateral flexor and contralateral extensor reflex arch

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26
Q

what type of reflex arc do you see?

name the components

A

noiciceptiv reflex arc

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27
Q

which type of reflex arc do you see?

name the components

A

autonomous reflex arc

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28
Q

what is the main difference between somatic and autonomous system?

A

somatic has one neuron going from root to effector organ

autonomous has two motor neurons from spinal cord to effector organ

preganglionic and postganglionic

29
Q

name the acending tracts

A

Gracilis

Cuneat

spinothalamic

spinoreticular

posterior spinocerebellar

anterior spinocerebellar

30
Q

Name the deceding tracts

A

Lateral corticospinal

Ventral corticospinal

Rubospinal

Reticulospinal

Tectospinal

Vestibulospinal

Descending autonomous pathway

31
Q

name the components

A
32
Q

which nucleus are not a part of the dorsomedial nuclear column.

A

Clarke’s column

33
Q

what type of nucleus is the superior salivatory nucleus?

A

visceromotor

34
Q

Dorsal columb Lemniscal system path

A
  1. Receptor
  2. peripheral nerve branch
  3. ganglion
  4. central branch
  5. cuneate + cracile nucleus (2. neuron)
  6. internal arquate fibers
  7. medullary decussation
  8. medial lemniscal
  9. Thalaus VPL
  10. thalamocortical tract
  11. primary sensory corteb B.A 3,1,2
35
Q

Spinothalamic tract path

A
  1. receptor
  2. peripheral nerve
  3. ganglion
  4. central branch
  5. lamina 1,5,7,8 posterior horn
  6. spinal dicussation
  7. ant. lat. spinothalamic tract as spinal lemniscul
  8. thlamus VPL
  9. thalamocortical tract
  10. primary sensory cortec B.A 3.1.2
36
Q

Spinal tectal pathway (S)

A
  1. Receptor
  2. peripheral branch
  3. ganglion
  4. central branch
  5. spinal segment dicussation
  6. spinotectal tract
  7. superior colliculus
37
Q

spinoreticular pathway (S)

A
  1. receptor
  2. peripheral branch
  3. ganglion
  4. central branch
  5. lamina 1,5,7,8
  6. spinoreticular tract
  7. reticular formation
38
Q

Anterior spinocerebellar tract (S)

A
  1. receptors
  2. peripheral branch
  3. ganglion
  4. central branch
  5. lamina 1,6,7
  6. decussation at spinal segment
  7. anterior spinocerebellar tract
  8. decussation when entering WM cerebellum
  9. cerebral cortex as mossy fibers
39
Q

Posterior spinocerebellar tract pathway (A)

A
  1. receptors
  2. peripheral branch
  3. ganglion
  4. central branch
  5. clarcks colums
  6. posterior spinocerebellar tract
  7. cerebral cortex mossy fibers
40
Q

spinoolivocerebellar tract

A
  1. receptors T12-L5
  2. peripheral branch
  3. ganglion
  4. central branch
  5. nucleus proprius of posterior horn
  6. decussation at spinal segment
  7. spinoolivary tract
  8. inferior olivery complex
  9. olivocerebellar tract
  10. decussation entering cerebellar WM
  11. cerebellar cortex climbing fibers
41
Q

purely somatomotor CN?

A

III. occulomotor

IV. trochlear

VI. abducent

XII. hypoglossal

42
Q

mixed CN?

A

V. trigeminal

VII. facial

IX. glossopharyngeal

X. vagus

XI. accessory

43
Q

purely somatosensory CN?

A

VIII. vestibulochoclear

44
Q

Nuclei of the Dorsomedial nuclear colomn?

A

III. occulomotor

IV. trochlear

VI. abducent

XII. hypoglossal

45
Q

nucli of the ventrolateral nuclear column?

innervate?

A

V. trigeminal

VII. facial

IX. glossopharyngeal

X. vagus

XI. accessory

striated muscles from somites

eye and tounge

46
Q

spescial viseromotor niclei

also calles

brachiomotor

innervate?

A

V. trigeminal

VII. facial

IX. glossopharyngeal

X. vagus

XI. accessory

  1. mastication
  2. facial expression
  3. pharynx larynx
  4. wall of viscera:
    - mouth
    - nose
    - larynx
    - pharynx
47
Q

General viceromotor nuclei?

tyepe og innervation?

A

III. occulomotor

VII. facial

IX. glossopharyngeal

X. vagus

parasynpatheric/secretomotor

innervate the viscera: smooth muscle or gland

48
Q

what are the classifications of the sensory nuclei?

A

GVS

SVS

GSS

SSS

49
Q

what are the classifications of the motor nuclei?

A

GVM

SVM (BM)

SM

50
Q

occulomotor nuclei?

what is spescial about it?

A

accessory nucleus - parasympathetic

occulomotry nucleus - somatosensory

accessory nuclei gives presynaptic parasynpathetic fibers to ciliary ganglion

51
Q

what is supplied by the occulomtor nerve?

A

superior branch:

  1. superior rectus muscle
  2. levator palpebrae

inferior branch:

  1. medial rectus muscle
  2. inferior rectus muscle
  3. inferior oblique muscle
52
Q

what is innervated by the superior trochlear nerve?

A

superior oblique muscle

53
Q

nuclei of trigeminal nerve and their function ?

A
  1. Mesencephalic (proprioception)
  2. primary sensory/pontine (epicritic sensation)
  3. spinal trigeminal (protopathic)
  4. motor nucleus (1st brachial arch muscles, lies meidal to primary sensory nucleus)
54
Q

what are the parts of the trigeminal spinal nucleus?

A

it can be divided into 3 parts

  1. oralis
  2. interpolaris
  3. caudalis
55
Q

divisions of the trigeminal nerve?

A
  1. Opthalmic (S)
    - lacrimal n.
    - frontal n.

nasociliary n.

  1. Maxillary (S)
    - pterigopalatine
    - zygomatic
    - infraorbital nerve
  2. Mandibular nerve (S/M)
    - main trunk
    - anterior division
    - posterior division
56
Q

nuclei of the facial nerve?

A
  1. facial nucleus (SVM)
  2. superior salivary nucleus (parasynpathetic GVM)
  3. solitary tract nucleus (SVS taste)
  4. spinal trigeminal nucleus (protopathic)
57
Q

difference between parasympathetic and sympathetic nerve fibers?

A

parasympathetic: decrease heart rate
sympathetic: increase heart rate

58
Q

Spino-cuneocerebellar tract

A
  1. spinal ganglion
  2. cuneate fasiculus
  3. accesory cuneat nucleus
  4. cuneocerebellar tract
  5. inferior cerebellar peduncle
  6. cerebellar cortx as Mossy fibers
59
Q

what is somatotopic arrangment?

A

the motorcortex is accosiated with spesific regions of the nervous system and body area

60
Q

which cortical field is agranular?

A

precentral gyrus

61
Q

what it the sensation of the anterior spinothalamic tract?

what it the sensation of the lateral spinothalamic tract?

A

Anterior: Crude touch

Lateral: pain and tempratur

62
Q

receptors ant. spinothalamic tract?

A

hair follicles

skin receptors (pressure touch)

63
Q

receptors of lat. spinothalamic tract?

A

free nerve endings

64
Q

sensation to the medial lemniscal system?

A

Fine/Discriminativ touch

Conscious proprioceprtion

65
Q

Receptors of the medial lemniscal system?

A

pascini corpuscles

muscle and tendon receptors

66
Q

what type of nervefibers conduct pain and tempratur from the trunk and limbs?

A

A (gamma)

C

67
Q

where is the decussation of the 2 corticospinal fibers?

A

Lateral has the pyramidal dicussation! (90%)

Anterior decussate at spinal cord segment! (10%)

68
Q

does the corticonuclear fibrs decussate?

A

Yes, they go to the collateral nucleus

69
Q

what are the extrapyramidal tracts?

A

olivospinal

rubrospinal

tectospinal

reticulospinal

vestibulospinal

NEUROANATOMY (10 decks)

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