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NEUROANATOMY > for competition! > Flashcards

for competition! Flashcards

1
Q

where does the CNS develop from?

A

nerual tube and neural crest

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2
Q

part of the nerual tube derivatives?

A

craniel - brain
caudal - spinalcord
central canal ventricles and central canal of spinal cord

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3
Q

the cell layers of the neural tube?

A

Inner: ventricular layer - neural epithelial cells - ependyma cells - cell divisinon site

intermidiat zone: mantle layer - neuroblasts - grey matter

Marginal zone: neuroblast processes - white matter

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4
Q

what is the neocortex?

A

same as palleocortex and it is the isocortex of the hemispheres

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5
Q

what is supplied by the anterior cerebral artery?

A

medial surface of neocortex (palleocortex)

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6
Q

where can you find the anterior cerebral artery?

A

between the two hemispheres

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7
Q

where can u find the middler cerebral artery?

A

in the lateral fissure

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8
Q

what is supplied by the middle cerebral artery?

A

superolateral neocortex and basal ganglia

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9
Q

what is the anterior choroidal artery a branch of?

A

internal catorid artery

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10
Q

what are the most important branches of the ICA?

A 
anterior cerebral - ant. com.
middle cerebral 
anterior choroid 
opthalmic 
posterior communicating
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11
Q

branches of the vertebral artery?

A

anterior and posterior spinal artery

PICA - giver posterior choroid artery

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12
Q

branches of the basilar artery?

A 
AICA 
labyrinthine a.
pontne a.
superior cerebellar ar. 
posterior cerebral a. (anastomose with post. com. a.)
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13
Q

what is supplied by the anterior choroidal artery?

A

upper mesencephalon
optic tract
thala and hypothalamus
hippocampus

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14
Q

supplied by pica

A

medulla and 4th ventricle inferior part of posterior cerebellar lobe

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15
Q

what makes of the great vein of galenus?

A

internal cerebral vein and basal vein of rosenthal

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16
Q

where does the great vein drain?

A

straight sinus

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17
Q

branches of the internal cerebral vein?

A

thalomostriat and choroid veins

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18
Q

what are the two anastomotic veins of the superficial middle cerebral vein?

A

s. labbe

i. troland

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19
Q

what is the layers of the BBB?

A 
capillary endothelial cells
basal membrane 
glia limitans (astrocytes)
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20
Q

which arterie supply the dura?

A

from anterior to posterior:

1) opthalmic a.
2) maxillary a.
3) acending pharyngeal a.

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21
Q

start and end of the spinal cord?

A

formen magnus to L2 (Conus medullaris)

then internal fila terminalis stretches from pia do tura and continues as external fila terminalis to S2

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22
Q

bloodsupply to the spinal cord?

A

to PSA and one ASP
anastomosis between them is the coronal arteries
segmental arteries from aorta
lower spinal cord: Adamkiewicz from intercostals branch of aorta

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23
Q

bloodsupply to the spinal cord?

A

to PSA and one ASP
anastomosis between them is the coronal arteries
segmental arteries from aorta gives reticular branches
lower spinal cord: Adamkiewicz from intercostals branch of aorta (largest feeder path)

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24
Q

what can be found in the epidural space of the spinal cord?

A

fat and spinal venous plexus

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25
Q

which meningeal layer forms he epineurium of the spinal nerves?

A

dural sag extensions

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26
Q

which meningeal layer formed the perineurium?

A

arachnoid mater

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27
Q

which lamina formes the clarcks nucleus?

A

lamina 6

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28
Q

which rexed lamina can we find the inhibitory neurons anf what are they called?

A

in lamina 7, they er called Rensshaw neurons

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29
Q

which rexed lamina can we find the motorneurons a and g?

A

lamina 9

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30
Q

where can we find the perikarya of the spinothalamic tract?

A

sustential gelatinosa

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31
Q

receptors for epicritic sensation?

A

vibration and fine touch (passinian and meissner)

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32
Q

where does the arcuate fibers cross in brainstem?

A

lower medulla

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33
Q

which lamina does the spinothalamic tract go to?

A

I, IV, V

34
Q

spinoreticular tract?

A

follow spinothalamic but projects to the brainstem reticular formation. carries information about slow excrutiation pain

35
Q

where does the spinothalamic tract synps compared to medial lemniscal system?

A

medial lemniscal synaps in the lower medulla as arcuate fibers. spinothalamic tract synaps in dorsal horn befor crossing in the spinal cord

36
Q

what type of fibers are there in the ALS?

A

Ad and C fibers

37
Q

what type of fibers are MLS?

A

Aa for proprioception

Ab for touch and pressure

38
Q

what is the direct continuation of the dorsal horn in the brainstem?

A

trigminal ganglion

39
Q

how many decussations does the ant. spinocerebellar tract have?

A

first in spinar segment then after superior colliculus so it ends up ipsilateral

40
Q

where in the body does ant. spinocerebellar tract sent inpulses from?

A

lower limb golgi tendon with Ib fibers, corr. to rostral spinocerebellar in upper limb

41
Q

where in the body does post. spinocerebellar tract sent inpulses from?

A

under T6 golgi and muscle spindle to clarck’s columb, then ipsilateral to cerebellum via Ia Ib and II fibers

42
Q

cuneo-cerebellar tract?

A

same as post. spinocerebellar but is for upper limb. goes to ass. cuneat nucleus

43
Q

which spinocerebellar tract is ipsi and which cross?

A

ant. cross but cross again in cerebellum so ipsi
olivo cross but cross again in medulla so ipsi
post, cuneo, rostral no crossing

THEREFOR ALL ARE IPSILATERAL!

44
Q

only spinocerebellar tract where first order neruon synaps is in medulla?

A

only cuneo, rest synaps in spinal cord!

45
Q

what is importent with the nucleus raphe?

A

main soruce of seretonin to CNS

importent for wakefulness and sleep

46
Q

what is locus ceruleus?

A

norandreneric pathway providind norandreneric innervation to the CNS

47
Q

spino tectal tract?

A

goes to superior colliculus
noiciceptiv - reflex head movment to side of irr.
cross in spinal cord
synaps lamina I and V

48
Q

corticobulbar tract to which nuclei?

A

midbrain: III, IV
pons: V, VI, VII
medulla: XII

49
Q

where does the decussation of the corticospina tract happen?

A

lateral decussates only in pyramids

anterior decussates only in spinal segment

50
Q

rubrospinal tract?

A

goes to motorneurons at anterior horn and synaps on inhibitory and exitatory interneurons
act. flexors
inhibit ext.

51
Q

function of lateral vestibular system?

A

gravity muscles (axial) - upright posture

52
Q

function of medial vestibular system?

A

coordinativ head and eye movment

synaps on inhibitor head and neck neurons

53
Q

which tract is the only tract that is uncrossed??

A

vestibulospinal

54
Q

where does the tectospinal tract go to?

A

cervical regions

55
Q

function of the tectospinal tract?

A

visual and postural movment in respons to visual and auditory stimulus

56
Q

innervated by the hypoglosal?

A

all toung muscles ex. palatoglossus

57
Q

which ganglion does the lacrimal nerve get its parasumpathetic fibers from?

A

pterigopalatine ganglion

58
Q

main braches of the opthalmic n?

A

frontal
nasociliary
lacrimal

59
Q

main branches of maxillary?

A

zygomatic
infraorbital
palatine

60
Q

main branches of mandibular?

A 
auricotemporal 
lingual  
inferior alveolar 
buccal 
massenteric 
deep temporal 
medial pterigoid 
lateral pterigoid 
tensor tympani 
tensor veli palatini
61
Q

where does the auriculotemporal nerve get is presynaptic parasymp. fibers from?

A

pre: lesser petrosal into otic ganglion

62
Q

where does the lingual nerve gets is presynaptic parasymp. fibers from?

A

facial branch - chorda tymphani n.

63
Q

which two paths does the autonomous reflex arch take?

A

parietal to skinn vessles, erector pinea and sweatglands

visceral to wall of internal organs

64
Q

what is the name of the nerve of the visceral branch when it leaves the paravertebral trunk?

A

sphlancnic nerve

65
Q

where can we find the autonomous reflex arch?

A

T1 -L2

66
Q

what is the neurotransmitter of the first and secong synaps of the autonomic reflex arch?

A
  1. acetylcholin 2. cholinergic

except sweatglands, they always have Ach

67
Q

which prevertebral ganglions do we have?

A

sup. and inf. messenteric ganglion

celiac ganglion

68
Q

BA primary sensory?

A

3,1,2

69
Q

BA somatosensory association area?

A

5,7

70
Q

BA primary visual cortex?

A

17

71
Q

BA secundary and tertiary visual cortex?

A

18, 19

72
Q

BA auditory cortex?

A

41,42

73
Q

BA sensory speach area?

A

40, 39

74
Q

BA wrenicks area?

A

22

75
Q

BA motor speech area of Broca?

A

44,45

76
Q

BA premotor cortex?

A

6

77
Q

BA taste ?

A

43

78
Q

BA primary motor area?

A

4

79
Q

what are the two first branches of the brachial plexus roots?

A

dorsal scapular from C5

long thoracic from C5-7

80
Q

what are the branches of the trunks of the brachial plexus?

A

suprascapular from C5

nerve to subclavius C5-6

81
Q

what are the cord of the brachial plexus and what makes them?

A

Lateral cord: ant divisions of superior trunk + middle trunk
posterior cord: inferior division of superior trunk + middle trunk + inferior trunk
Middle cord: ant. division of inferior trunk

82
Q

branches of the posterior cord of brachial plexus?

A 
ULTRA 
upper subscapular 
lower subscapular nerve 
thoracodorsal nerve 
radial nerve 
axillary nerve

NEUROANATOMY (10 decks)

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