Midterm- History Flashcards
What is OT?
Helps people across the lifespan do what they want and need to do through therapeutic use of daily activities
Promote health or maximize life with injury, illness or disability
What is moral treatment and who used the term?
Philippe Pinel in 1801
Based on humanism
Treating people with respect, basic needs, exercise, work, variety of occupations, routine (stability)
Who was William Turke?
Founded the York retreat in England
Worked with Pinel
Moral treatment in hospitals
Physician prescribed daily routines
Who was John Ruskin?
Factory worker
Lost his job and got anxiety
What was the “do it yourself” mentality?
Societies response
Encouraged people to make products by hands promoting meaningful lifestyles
Who was Herbert J Hall?
Near founder of OT
Work as alternative to bed rest and created sheltered workshops
Believer in power of using ones hands
Called OT “science of prescribed work”
Handicrafts got the handicapped- book
Occupation provides peace of mind
Industry should be created to hire OT for ppl with disability
Who was Adolf Meyers?
Leader in the medical profession
Collaborated with Julia Lathrop and brought craftwork to mentally ill
Presented the first organized model of OT in 1921
“The philosophy of OT” was the first article in the Archives if OT
Who was William Rush Dunton Jr?
Psychiatrist who recommended exercise, work and recreation for his patients with mental illness
Structured occupation through arts and crafts
President of NSPOT in 1917
What was William Rush Dunton Jr 3 types of occupation?
1) invalid- diversion from illness
2) occupational therapy- restore function following illness
3) vocation training- restoration following a disability
What year was the NSPOT founded?
1917
Barton, Dunton, Slagle, Johnson, Kidner, Tracy, Hall
Who was George Edward Barton?
Architect and trained in medicine and nursing
Foot surgery then paralysis and healing effect of occupation
Strong connection between medical field and occupation
Who was Eleanor Clarke Slagle?
Vice President of NSPOT
Trained nurse and OT
Founded Henry B Favell School of Occupation
AOTA honored her by creating an annual Honorary Guest Lectureship: “the Slagle”
“Habit training” for the chronically ill
Who was Susan Johnson?
High school teacher
Focused on importance of OT education and psych
Wrote on the role of OT in hospitals
Who was Thomas Kidner?
Canadian architect and attended rehab for returning soldiers and industrial accidents
Process vs end product
Leader of NSPOT- president for 6 terms
Standards for OT education were set in his time
6 hours daily for 12 months
Education- psych, anatomy, kinesiology, orthopedics, mental disease, medical concerns and crafts
Who was Susan Elizabeth Tracy?
Nurse
Promoted holistic approach
One of first educators of OT
Wrote- studies of the invalid occupations: a Manual for nurses and attendants (1912)
Promoted concept of “adaptation”
Healing effects of “the therapists”
OT should be in medication and subscribed by physician
What was the effect of WW1 in OT?
Increase population served
Therapist refined ideas and demonstrated purpose in medical field
Hired OT as civilian workers- “reconstruction aides”
Aides used woodwork and metalwork
OT was accepted and expanded
Who was the first psychiatrist to notice utility of OT in the war zone?
Dr. Frankwood Williams
What was the post war boom effect on OT?
Economic boom in 1920- increase # of hospitals and OTs
Legislation increased the need for OT
End of 1920- OT was recognized as a medical ancillary service
1923- minimum standards to become OT was adopted by AOTA
What was the Smith- Bankhead Bill in 1920?
Vocational rehabilitation
People with disabilities could be rehabilitated
What was the Federal Industrial Rehabilitation Act of 1923?
Required hospitals to employ OT to rehabilitate patients after accidents and illnesses
What associations assisted in establishing standards for training and accreditation?
AOTA and American Medical Association (AMA)
What was the effect of the great depression and WW2 on OT?
1929- expansion in OT were haltered with market crash
Decrease in OT jobs, closing clinics, no funding for lack of military status so no OT
WW2- 12 OTs and few facilities were open for returning soldiers
Govt- responded and gave more funding
What was the Vocational Act if 1943?
Allowed for payment of medical services including OT
What was the rehabilitation movement in 1942-1960?
More returning soldiers and demand= rehabilitation movement
Rehabilitative OT consisted of- technical intervention, training and fitting of prosthetics and orthotics, activities of daily living and resistant exercises to improve strength
OT little connection to theory or models
Education is blank
Practice is blank
Education- medically based
Practice- deficit focused
What happened in 1950?
OT assistants education began to accommodate needs
What happened in the 1960s?
Advances in tech
Medicare and Medicaid
Survival rates for those injured and infants with medical conditions
Higher pop with disabilities and higher demand for OT
Hand therapy, SCI, SI
New schools and clinics
Practice in substance abuse
What happened in the 1970s and 80s?
Medical care became expensive
deinstitutionalization of mentally ill
OT shifted towards community setting
Standardized assessment emerged as justification for services
State licensure was adopted to ensure quality of therapists
What was the 1975 Education for all Handicapped Children Act?
Ensured education for children with disabilities and marked entrance of OT in public schools
What is the Uniform Terminology of OT?
AOTA unified the profession by creating this
Describes the roles of OT and introduced concepts of performance components and performance areas and terminology for documentation
When was the philosophical base of OT published?
1979
What happened in the 1990s?
Individuals decided on healthcare
OT home and rehabilitation in nursing facilities
Theory foundations and clinical reasoning recognized as key to OT practice
Performance based models and framework- PEO, CMOP
New field of occupational Science of occupation and scientific knowledge regarding occupations and OT practice
What was the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act if 1990?
Public education and services including OT services
What was the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990? ADA
Increased need for OT
Prohibited discrimination of people with disabilities
Architectural barriers and environmental modifications
Building accessibility- QOL
Where and when was post professional OTD first offered?
1994
Nova southeastern university
What university offered entry level OTD?
Creighton university
When was baccalaureate OT phased out and entry level MOT was needed?
2007
What are the key practice areas AOTA identified?
Older adults
Health care disparities
Obesity management
QOL
Tech
What did the 2017 Centennial Vision do?
Continue research and validation of therapeutic interventions
Occupations as a vehicle bot health of all people in the global community
What does the vision 2025 do and it’s pillars?
Builds on Centennial vision to guide profession beyond its 100 year anniversary in 2017
Pillars help define and communication the visions core tenets to key stakeholders (OTs, OTA, educators, students, consumers, policy makers, and public)
What are the pillars?
Effective- evidence based, client centered and cost effective
Leaders- influential in changing policies, environments and complex systems
Collaborative- excel in working with clients w/n systems to produce effective outcomes
Accessible- culturally responsive and customized services
Equity, inclusion and diversity- intentionally inclusive and equitable and embrace diversity
Who was the person who missed the NSPOT meeting?
Susan Elizabeth Tracy
