Final- Professional Ethics, Values, And Responsibilities Flashcards
What are the ethics in OT?
OT is rooted in ethical concepts and moral based values
Professional values (autonomy/ independence) in OT are linked to quality of life
Promoting max independence by enhancing functional abilities (occupations) and adapting environment promotes QOL
What are the 5 complex ethical issues OTs confront with the changing of the healthcare environment?
1) different and changing policies
2) federal and state laws
3) association principles
4) understanding professional ethics
5) professionalism requirements
What are 3 examples of professional competency?
1) knowing how to obtain informed consent
2) knowing what to do when a client refuses intervention
3) knowing how to communicate confidential material
What are the common grounds between clinical reasoning and ethics?
Client choice
Critical thinking requires carefully weighing alternatives
Case specifics, contemplation, negotiation, and reaching a solution
What are ethics?
A set of value based principles to assist the individual in making moral decisions
Examine how an individual should think and behave towards others
What is mortality?
The accepted standard of right and wrong
learned early and gathered from different sources
What is the environment?
Affects our moral choices
School, family, religion, media, etc
Caring, honesty and respect are part of?
Values
What is judgement?
Act of deciding after considering alternatives
What will help OTs make ethical decisions for determining rightness, morality and praiseworthy behavior?
Self awareness
Organizing their belief systems
Must focus on case specific human factors toward a process of clinical reasoning and ethical decisions
What is the theory of foundational characteristics?
Fundamental pronciples of mortality exist
Behaviors are based on good or bad core functions
Non circumstantial- treat everyone fairly no matter what
What are the theories of comparative characteristics?
Fundamental principles of morality does not exist
No universal law or accepted truths
No rule is valid for every situation
Good and bad must be defined
Consequentialism
What is consequentialism?
Idea that the right or wrong is deterred by result of that action
Moral worth is determined by an evaluation of the consequences
The ends justify the means
What is utilitarianism?
Thinking compared benefits and costs with an emphasis on utility (useful purpose)
Promotes the greatest good- achieving the greatest benefit for the larger number of individuals
Considers the available resources and development injecting standard for “consequence”
Evaluated the process- relies on comparison of situational variables (quantity and quality)
Ethical judgement is required
What is an example of utilitarianism?
A moral decision can be made by creating a list and then counting the pros and cons
What is the theory of relative standards (ethical relativism)?
Rules to guide behavior change relative to time and place
Values are important for establishing norms and community traditions
Praiseworthy vs blameworthy- different because judgement of a behavior if a function of social order
Ethical relativism does not provide universal rules for easy determination of good behavior
Ethical vs legal
Sometimes illegal and unethical are consistent
Can be legally acceptable but ethically inappropriate
Illegal activity can be morally defensible
Federal, state, municipal govts have power to pass legislation and implement policy through regulations
What is quality of life?
Different for everyone
Depends on personal values of individual
Idea that make QOL change over time
What is health related quality of life (HRQoL)?
Measures the effect of health on QOL
measurements tools assess perception of wellness through eating of physical and mental health
What are the 3 ethical issues revolving justice?
1) entitlement- who can get services
2) access- which type of service is covered
3) allotment- how many services
What causes ethical dilemmas?
Loyalty to the recipient of care vs employer
Ethical concerns for quality- modification of services access, program costs and reimbursement
What is the code of ethics?
A collection of formal explicit statements forming a moral guide for an identified group outlining right and valued behavior, principles and values
Crates recognition of the behaviors deemed good or bad within a group
Can be stand alone document or component of organizations policy
What 3 OT associations share the same values and published documents on values and ethics?
WFOT
AOTA
NBCOT
What is the enforcement procedures for the OT code of ethics?
Complaint process, sanctions and outlines the AOTAs ability to penalize and AOTA member that violates the ethics standard
What is the first core value that was emphasized in the core values and attitudes of OT practice?
Altruism is concerned with creating benefits for others
What is the second core value that was emphasized in the core values and attitudes of OT practice?
Equality is the basis for impartial fairness
What is the third core value that was emphasized in the core values and attitudes of OT practice?
Freedom is reflected in self determination and right to choose
What is the 4th core value that was emphasized in the core values and attitudes of OT practice?
Justice is being objective and unbiased
What is the 5th core value that was emphasized in the core values and attitudes of OT practice?
Dignity places emphasis on the unique characteristics of each person as valuable and worthy of respect
What is the 6th core value that was emphasized in the core values and attitudes of OT practice?
Truth is a requirement for honesty and accuracy
What is the 7th core value that was emphasized in the core values and attitudes of OT practice?
Prudence is the basis for cautious good sense
What are the 6 principles defined by the code of ethics?
1) beneficence
2) nonmaleficence
3) autonomy and confidentiality
4) justice
5) veracity
6) fidelity
How does the code of ethics define beneficence?
Maximize positive and good benefits
OTs are expected to provide services in a fair manner without discrimination
How does the code of ethics define nonmaleficence?
Minimize or avoid causing harm
How does the code of ethics define autonomy and confidentiality?
Autonomy-
Free will it self determination with respect for individuality
Confidentiality-
Protection of privacy, info and communication
How does the code of ethics define justice?
OTs to advocate for fair distribution of resources
How does the code of ethics define veracity?
Obligation to be truthful
What is informed consent?
Process that acknowledges the service recipients right to be directly involved in health care decisions
Allows for choice and refusal to participate
What’s re the 3 necessary components for informed consent and explain?
1) disclosure- knowledge for making decisions
2) competency- capability to understand info
3) voluntary- freedoms to choos
What is the first step to write an ethical decision SOAP?
Create an initial problem list
Central problems/ most significant problem and all involved
What is the Subjective aspect of SOAP?
Identity ethical issues or problems
Recognize the president of feelings
What is the Objective aspect of SOAP?
Search the literature to identify similar situations
Know professional guidelines and standards of practice
Determine relevant code of ethics principles
What is the Assess aspect of SOAP?
Asses the situation
Articulate solutions
Postulate all the consequences for each choice
What is the Plan aspect of SOAP?
Articulate a plan of action
Realistic solution
What are the steps after SOAP?
Implement the plan
Evaluate the need to modify the plan
How does the code of ethics define fidelity?
Obligation for fairness, integrity and loyalty in professional interactions
