Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy & Physiology I > Midterm Chapters 1-10 Review > Flashcards

Midterm Chapters 1-10 Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is anatomy?

A

The study of the human body structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the definition of systemic?

A

Specific

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is physiology?

A

The study of the function of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the levels of organization starting from the smallest?

A

Chemical, Organelle, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, and Organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are distal and proximal?

A

Distal: away from the trunk of the body
Proximal: closer to the trunk of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a negative feedback loop?

A

When the body is trying to maintain it’s stability, homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a positive feedback loop?

A

When change is encouraged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an example of positive feedback loop?

A

Child Birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a trace element of the body?

A

Iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is superficial?

A

towards the surface of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is superior?

A

Towards the head of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The constant state maintained by the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is superior?

A

Towards the head of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How many tissue types are there?

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the atomic weight?

A

Number of protons plus the number of neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the atomic weight for Carbon?

A

6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the atomic weight for Carbon?

A

6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What charges are held for neutrons, electrons and protons?

A

Neutrons: neutral
Protons: positive
Electrons: negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How do ionic bonds occur?

A

Through the transfer of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Element that differs in the number of neutrons (ex. deuterium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the decomposition reaction?

A

AB —-> A + B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the major groups of organic substances?

A

Proteins, Lipids, Carbs, Nucleic Acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the decomposition reaction?

A

AB —-> A + B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is catabolism?

A

The process of breaking down a molecule by adding water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are peptide bonds?
binds the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of another amino acid
26
What are the characteristics of RNA?
Ribose sugar, single strand, uracil
27
What are the protein structures?
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary
28
Which protein structures consists of the number, kind and sequence of amino acids?
Primary
29
What are triglycerides?
Lipid made up of glycerol and fatty acids
30
What are prostaglandins?
Tissue hormones that contain a 5-carbon ring
31
What are phospholipids?
Bilayer made up of a water-loving head and 2 hydrophobic tailes
32
What are the characteristics of DNA?
Deoxyribose sugar, double helix, phosphate group and nitrogenous base
33
What are the functions of the plasma membrane?
To keep things in and out of the cell
34
What is the function of a lysosome?
It is the recycling of amino acids, are pinched off from the Golgi Apparatus, and breaks down protein components
35
What do ribosomes do?
Protein Synthesis
36
What is the Mitochondria?
ATP
37
What is the Golgi Apparatus?
Process and packaging of protein molecules
38
Are microfilaments the smallest or largest?
Smallest
39
Are microtubules the smallest or largest?
Largest
40
What are the different types of cell connections?
Gap Junction, Tight Junction, and Desmosomes
41
What is diffusion?
Movement of molecules through a phospholipid bilayer
42
What is the purpose of microfilaments?
Cell's framework
43
What is passive transport?
process that do NOT require energy
44
What is an example of passive transport?
Osmosis
45
What is isotonic?
Where the solutes are the same in and out of the cell
46
What is hypertonic?
The solute is greater outside the cell
47
What is hypotonic?
The solute is greater inside the cell
48
What is active transport?
Process requires energy
49
What is an example of active transport?
Endocytosis
50
What is glycolysis?
pathway in which glucose is broken down, does NOT require oxygen
51
Where does glycolysis occur?
Cytosol
52
What is the Kreb cycle?
Requires oxygen, begins with pyruvic acid into NAD
53
Where does the kreb cycle take place?
mitochondria
54
Electron Transport System
Starts with NAD into energy (ATP), requires oxygen
55
Where does ETS occur?
Mitochondria
56
What is another name for the kreb cycle?
Citric Acid Cycle
57
What are the catabolic pathways?
Glycolysis, ETS and Kreb
58
What is an anabolic pathway?
Protein Synthesis
59
What does meiosis consist of?
Gametes (sex cells)
60
What is Mitosis?
Replication of cells from a parent cell into 2 identical daughter cells
61
What are the phases of mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
62
What is Interphase?
G1, S, and G2 phases
63
What are the characteristics of epithelial tissue?
Greatest ability to regenerate, covers the body surfaces, lines body cavities, and moves substances
64
What are the functions of epithelial tissue?
secretion, excretion, and absorption
65
What is connective tissue?
functions to support the body and its parts
66
What is muscle tissue?
produces movement
67
What is nervous tissue?
The least ability to regenerate, control and communication
68
What is epidemiology?
The study of the occurence, distribution, and transmission of diseases
69
What are the 4 elements that make up about 96% of the humman body?
Carbon, oxygrn, hydrogen and nitrogen
70
What are the basic chemical structures for the organic compounds?
Lipids/Carbs: CHO Proteins: CHON Nucleic Acids: CHONP
71
What is the function of Vitamin D?
Helps the body absorb calcium and maintain strong bones?
72
What is the final functional shape of the protein molecule?
Native State
73
What steroid involves tissue repair and regulates inflammation?
Prostaglandins
74
Spot desmosomes act as what?
Spot welds
75
Which cell connection involved the heart muscles?
Gap Junction
76
What covers the surface of the viscera (organs within a cavity)?
Visceral Membrane
77
What surrounds the lungs and thoracic cavity?
Pleura
78
What surrounds the heart?
Pericardium
79
What is osmosis?
The diffusion of water
80
What two layers make up the basement membrane?
Basal lamina and reticular
81
What are the functions of apidose tissue?
Acts as energy, support, protection, insulation and heat generation
82
What is pseudostratified epithelium?
Has only one later of oddly shaped columnar cells, found in male reproductive system
83
What is stratified squamous epithelium?
Nonkeratinized: lines vagina, mouth and esophagus Keratinized: Skin
84
Simple Squamous
One-layer of flat cells ,lining of the lung
85
What does keratinized mean?
Keratin is deposited in cells and cells become horny (nails hair)
86
What are exocrine glands?
Discharge secretions into ducts, tubular and alveolar
87
What are the 3 types of exocrine glands?
Apocrine, Holocrine, Merocrine
88
Are endocrine glands ductless?
Yes
89
What are osteocytes?
Mature bone cells
90
What are the functions of the skin?
Support and Protection
91
What is the hypodermis? Where is it located?
Connects skin and other structures, underneath the dermis
92
What type of sweat glands are the most numerous?
Eccrine
93
What are 2nd degree burns?
Swelling, Redness, Blisters
94
What are 3rd degree burns?
Extends below the hair follicles and sweat glands
95
What covers the abdominalpelvic cavity?
Parietal Peritoneum
96
What covers the internal surface of the thoracic cavity?
Parietal pleura
97
What is cholesterol?
Steroid
98
In the body, Vitamin D can be classified as?
A hormone
99
Which somatotype is tall and lean?
Ectomorphs
100
Which somatotype is muscular and solid?
Endomorphs
101
Which somatotype is rounder in body shape?
Mesomorphs
102
What are the layers of the skin from superficial to deep?
(stratum) Corneum, Lucidum, Granulosum, Spinosum, Basale

Anatomy & Physiology I (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions