Chapter 7 and 8 Review Flashcards
What is RNA?
Single strand, Uracil, and ribose sugar
What are the phases of Mitosis?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase
What is it called when extensive training occurs?
Hypertrophy
What is it called when the muscles waste away?
Atrophy
What does DNA consist of?
Double helix, phosphate roots, deoxyribose sugar
What is meiosis?
Production of a cell through mature sex cells
What is another name for sex cells?
Gametes
What does a codon consist of?
3 nitrogenous bases
What is transcription?
Synthesis of mRNA
What is a Haploid?
23 chromosomes
What is a Diploid?
46 chromosomes
What is another name for a tumor?
Neoplasm
What phases are in Interphase?
G1, G2 and S Phase
What separates the G1 and G2 phase?
S Phase
Where does DNA replication occur?
S phase
What is the membraneous organelle that can replicate itself?
Mitochondria
What is the end product of transcription?
mRNA
What is a complete set of proteins?
Proteome
What is an obligatory base pairing?
Adenine and Thymine
What is the splitting of the cytoplasm into two daughter cells?
Cytokinesis
Where does cytokinesis occur?
Telophase
Where does the cleavage furrow occur?
Anaphase
During what phase does the nuclear envelope disappear?
Prophase
What is the purpose of a centromere?
To attach two chromatids in order to form a chromosome
What is a genome?
The complete set of genetic material in a cell
What does a proteosome do?
breaks down peptide bonds
What is a chaperone protein?
Helps unfold or fold structures
What is an intron?
A sequence of DNA or RNA that does not code for proteins
What happens in Metaphase?
The chromosomes align in the middle of the cell and cell fibers form, attaching to the centromeres.
What happens in Anaphase?
The chromatids are pulled away from the middle towards the opposite ends of the cell, the cleavage furrow begins to form
What happens in Telophase?
Cytokinesis, the spindle fibers disappear
What is the study of tissue?
Histology
What are the characteristics of epithelial tissue?
Ability to regenerate
What tissue is important for communication and control?
Nervous
What are the germ layers of an embryo?
Endoderm, Mesoderm, and Ectoderm
What is tissue?
A group of similar cells that perform a similar function
What is included in the extracellular matrix?
Proteins, proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and some fibers
What are some examples of a serous membrane?
pleura, peritoneum
What are the characteristics of connective tissue?
Less ability to regenerate
What is reticular tissue?
Main structure for tissues made up of fibroblasts
What tissue has the greatest capacity to regenerate?
Epithelial
What tissue is most likely to form a keloid scar?
Connective Tissue
What is peritoneum?
Covers abdominal viscera and lines abdominal cavity
