Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy & Physiology I > Chapter 16 and 17 Test Review > Flashcards

Chapter 16 and 17 Test Review Flashcards

1
Q

What are the rotator cuff muscles?

A

Teres Minor, Infraspinatus, Supraspinatus, and subscapularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the functions of muscles?

A

Movement of the body as a whole or movement of its parts (heat production and posture)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is excitability or irritability?

A

Ability to be stimulated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is sarcolemma?

A

Plasma membrane of muscle fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When are satellite cells active?

A

During exercise and injuries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do T tubules do?

A

Allow electrical impulses to travel along the sarcolemma to move deeper into the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are myofibrils?

A

Numerous fine fibers packed close together in sarcoplasm and run lengthwise along muscle fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a sarcomere?

A

Smallest contractile unit of muscle fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is another name for skeletal muscle?

A

Striated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a triad?

A

Triplet of tubules that allows an electrical impulse to stimulate the membranes of adjacent sacs (T tubule sandwiched between 2 sacs of SR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Myosin?

A

Molecules shaped like twisted golf clubs that are chemically attracted to actin molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is actin?

A

globular protein that forms two fibrous strands twisted around each other to form the bulk of the thin filament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is tropomyosin?

A

Protein that blocks the active sites on actin molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is troponin?

A

Protein that holds tropomyosin molecules in place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What muscles are involved with the shoulder girdle?

A

Trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboids, and 7th cervical vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What muscles move the thigh?

A

Muscles crossing the front of the hip, 3 gluteal muscles, tensor fasciae latae, and thigh adductors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What muscles move the upper arm?

A

Brachiallis and Biceps Brachii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the actions of teres minor?

A

Helps hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity, stabilizes shoulder joint, and rotates humerus laterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the actions of teres major?

A

Posteromedially extends, medially rotates, and adducts arm synergist of latissimus dorsi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What muscle extends the forearm?

A

Triceps brachii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the muscles of quadriceps?

A

Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the hamstring muscles?

A

Semitendinosus, biceps femoris, and semimembranosus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What body systems are responsible for maintaining body posture?

A

Nervous, muscular, skeletal, respiratory, digestive, excretory, and endocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is a treppe?

A

Steplike increase in strength of contraction seen in series of twitch contractions that occur 1 second apart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is acetylcholine?

A

neurotransmitter released into synaptic cleft, can be inhibitory or excitatory based on receptors

26
Q

What is responsible for cross-bridging?

A

Calcium

27
Q

What are the 3 twitch contractions?

A

Latent, Contraction, and Relaxation

28
Q

What are the different muscle tissues?

A

Cardiac, Smooth and Skeletal

29
Q

What are the characteristics of cardiac muscle?

A

Involuntary, syncytium, paarallel myofibrils

30
Q

What are the characteristics of smooth muscle?

A

Single nucleus, no striations

31
Q

What is isotonic contraction?

A

Contraction in which the tone or tension in a muscle remains the same as the length of the muscle changes

32
Q

What is isometric contraction?

A

Contraction in which the muscle length remains the same while muscle tension increases

33
Q

What does isotonic mean?

A

Same tension

34
Q

True or False: Most body movements occur as a result of both types of contractions

A

True

35
Q

What is another name for treppe?

A

The staircase phenomenon

36
Q

What happens during the latent phase of twitch contraction?

A

Nerve impulses travel to the sarcoplasmic reticulum to trigger the release of calcium

37
Q

What happens in the contraction phase?

A

The binding of calcium to troponin and the sliding of filaments

38
Q

What happens in the relaxation phase?

A

Sliding stops

39
Q

What influences strength of muscle contraction?

A

An electrical stimulus

40
Q

What might cause physiological muscle fatigue?

A

Lack of ATP

41
Q

What is the first event that occurs in muscle relaxation?

A

Calcium ions are released

42
Q

What is the powerstroke of myosin?

A

Myosin heads bend with great force after forming cross bridges, pulling the thin filaments past them

43
Q

What extends and adducts the arm?

A

Teres major and latissimus dorsi

44
Q

What muscle flexes the semipronated and semisupinated forearm?

A

Brachioradialis

45
Q

What muscles move the upper arm? Originate?

A

Latissimus Dorsi: vertebra to illium

lumbodorsal fascia

46
Q

When lifting your hands above your head, muscles involved?

A

Rotator cuffs, deltoid, trapezius, serratus anterior

47
Q

Muscles involved in rotating the arm outward?

A

Teres minor and infraspinatus

48
Q

Action of biceps brachii

A

flexes supinated forearm, forearm and hand

49
Q

Action of triceps

A

extends lower arm

50
Q

Action of brachiallis

A

flexes forearm

51
Q

What muscles move the feet?

A

Gastrocnemius, plantan, flexor halliscus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior, fibularis brevis, fibularis longus

52
Q

Function of creatine phosphate

A

Extra energy

53
Q

What are myofilaments?

A

Finer fibers of myofibrils (myosin-thick, actin-thin)

54
Q

What is an A Band

A

The segment that runs the entire length of the thick filaments/myosin

55
Q

What are white fibers?

A

Fast and with little myoglobin

56
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

occurs with adequate oxygen

57
Q

Anaerobic

A

Lack of oxygen

58
Q

Graded Strength Principle

A

Greater number of fibers contracting, stronger the contraction; based on the fact that skeletal muscles contract with varying degrees of strength at different times

59
Q

Cramps

A

Muscle spasms that are fatigued or mildly inflamed

60
Q

Convulsions

A

Abnormal, uncoordinated tetanic contracitons of groups of muscles, brain disturbance

Anatomy & Physiology I (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions