Chapter 14 and 15 Test Review Flashcards
What are gliding joints an example of?
Multiaxle
What is a prime mover?
Muscle that directly performs a specific movement
What is an agonist?
Any mover muscle that directly perform a movement, including prime mover
What are antagonists?
Muscles that oppose prime movers when contracting
What are synergists?
Muscles that contract at the same time as a prime mover
What is a fixator?
Muscles that are joint stabilizers
How many lever systems are there?
3
How many parts are the lever systems composed of?
4
What are the 4 parts of the lever system?
Rigid bar, fulcrum, load, and pull
How many skeletal muscles do we have?
600
What is the delicate connective tissue membrane that covers skeletal muscle fibers individually?
Endomysium
What is tough connective tissue binding fascicles together and envelopes bundles of muscle fibers?
Perimysium
What is the coarse sheath covering the muscle as a whole?
Epimysium
What is the most freely movable joint?
Synovial/Ball and Socket
What does synovial fluid have that makes it so movable?
Joint Cavity
What do skeletal muscles consist of?
Muscle Fibers
What is the most movable type of joint?
Diarthroses
What is the least movable type of joint?
Synarthroses
What is the structure of synarthroses?
Fibrous
What is the structure of amphiarthroses?
Cartilaginous
What is the structure of diarthroses?
Synovial
What is another name for the humeroscapular joint?
Shoulder joint
What are menisci?
pads of fibrocartilage located between atriculating bones (articular disks)
What are some examples of hinge joints?
Knee, interhalangeal joints, and elbow
What are some examples of condyloid joints?
Occipital bone fitting into the atlas
What is an example of the pivot joints?
Joint between 1st and 2nd cervical vertebrae
The structural classification of joints is determined if they are what?
Fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial
Gamphoses, an example of a fibrous joint, is located where?
Between the root of a tooth and the alveolar process of the mandible or maxilla
What is the joint capsule?
Sleevelike casing around the ends of the bones that bind them together
What are uniaxial joints?
Hinge and Pivot
What are biaxial joints?
Saddle and Condyloid (ellipsoidal)
What are multiaxial joints?
Ball-and-socket and gliding
What are some examples of fibrous joints?
Syndesmoses, sutures, and gamphoses
What is flexion?
The movement of decreasing the angle between bones
What is extension?
The movement of increasing the angle between bones
What is hyperextension?
Extending a part beyond its anatomical position
What is plantar flexion?
Occurs when the foot is stretched down and back.
What is adduction?
Movement of a part towards the median plane
What is abduction?
Moving a part away from the median plane
What is circumduction?
Moves a part so that its distal end moves in a circle
What is inversion?
Turns the sole of the foot inward
What is eversion?
Turns the sole of the foot outward
What is dorsiflexion?
Occurs when the foot is tilted upward.
What is supination?
Twists forearm in opposite rotation, moving palm so thumb is pointing laterally
What is pronation?
Twists the forearm so the the thumb is points medially, palm down
What is retraction?
Moving a part back
What is protraction?
Moving a part forward
What is apaneurosis?
Sheena pearly white fibrous tissue that takes place of a tendon sheet like muscles having wide area of attachment
What muscle makes up most of the pelvic floor?
Levator Ani
What determines purposeful movement?
relationship of muscles to joints
What muscles protect the abdominal viscera?
Rectus abdominus, transverse abdominus, quadratus luborum, external and internal oblique
