Chapter 14 and 15 Test Review

Question 1

What are gliding joints an example of?

Answer 1

Multiaxle

Question 2

What is a prime mover?

Answer 2

Muscle that directly performs a specific movement

Question 3

What is an agonist?

Answer 3

Any mover muscle that directly perform a movement, including prime mover

Question 4

What are antagonists?

Answer 4

Muscles that oppose prime movers when contracting

Question 5

What are synergists?

Answer 5

Muscles that contract at the same time as a prime mover

Question 6

What is a fixator?

Answer 6

Muscles that are joint stabilizers

Question 7

How many lever systems are there?

Answer 7

3

Question 8

How many parts are the lever systems composed of?

Answer 8

4

Question 9

What are the 4 parts of the lever system?

Answer 9

Rigid bar, fulcrum, load, and pull

Question 10

How many skeletal muscles do we have?

Answer 10

600

Question 11

What is the delicate connective tissue membrane that covers skeletal muscle fibers individually?

Answer 11

Endomysium

Question 12

What is tough connective tissue binding fascicles together and envelopes bundles of muscle fibers?

Answer 12

Perimysium

Question 13

What is the coarse sheath covering the muscle as a whole?

Answer 13

Epimysium

Question 14

What is the most freely movable joint?

Answer 14

Synovial/Ball and Socket

Question 15

What does synovial fluid have that makes it so movable?

Answer 15

Joint Cavity

Question 16

What do skeletal muscles consist of?

Answer 16

Muscle Fibers

Question 17

What is the most movable type of joint?

Answer 17

Diarthroses

Question 18

What is the least movable type of joint?

Answer 18

Synarthroses

Question 19

What is the structure of synarthroses?

Answer 19

Fibrous

Question 20

What is the structure of amphiarthroses?

Answer 20

Cartilaginous

Question 21

What is the structure of diarthroses?

Answer 21

Synovial

Question 22

What is another name for the humeroscapular joint?

Answer 22

Shoulder joint

Question 23

What are menisci?

Answer 23

pads of fibrocartilage located between atriculating bones (articular disks)

Question 24

What are some examples of hinge joints?

Answer 24

Knee, interhalangeal joints, and elbow

Question 25

What are some examples of condyloid joints?

Answer 25

Occipital bone fitting into the atlas

Question 26

What is an example of the pivot joints?

Answer 26

Joint between 1st and 2nd cervical vertebrae

Question 27

The structural classification of joints is determined if they are what?

Answer 27

Fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial

Question 28

Gamphoses, an example of a fibrous joint, is located where?

Answer 28

Between the root of a tooth and the alveolar process of the mandible or maxilla

Question 29

What is the joint capsule?

Answer 29

Sleevelike casing around the ends of the bones that bind them together

Question 30

What are uniaxial joints?

Answer 30

Hinge and Pivot

Question 31

What are biaxial joints?

Answer 31

Saddle and Condyloid (ellipsoidal)

Question 32

What are multiaxial joints?

Answer 32

Ball-and-socket and gliding

Question 33

What are some examples of fibrous joints?

Answer 33

Syndesmoses, sutures, and gamphoses

Question 34

What is flexion?

Answer 34

The movement of decreasing the angle between bones

Question 35

What is extension?

Answer 35

The movement of increasing the angle between bones

Question 36

What is hyperextension?

Answer 36

Extending a part beyond its anatomical position

Question 37

What is plantar flexion?

Answer 37

Occurs when the foot is stretched down and back.

Question 38

What is adduction?

Answer 38

Movement of a part towards the median plane

Question 39

What is abduction?

Answer 39

Moving a part away from the median plane

Question 40

What is circumduction?

Answer 40

Moves a part so that its distal end moves in a circle

Question 41

What is inversion?

Answer 41

Turns the sole of the foot inward

Question 42

What is eversion?

Answer 42

Turns the sole of the foot outward

Question 43

What is dorsiflexion?

Answer 43

Occurs when the foot is tilted upward.

Question 44

What is supination?

Answer 44

Twists forearm in opposite rotation, moving palm so thumb is pointing laterally

Question 45

What is pronation?

Answer 45

Twists the forearm so the the thumb is points medially, palm down

Question 46

What is retraction?

Answer 46

Moving a part back

Question 47

What is protraction?

Answer 47

Moving a part forward

Question 48

What is apaneurosis?

Answer 48

Sheena pearly white fibrous tissue that takes place of a tendon sheet like muscles having wide area of attachment

Question 49

What muscle makes up most of the pelvic floor?

Answer 49

Levator Ani

Question 50

What determines purposeful movement?

Answer 50

relationship of muscles to joints

Question 51

What muscles protect the abdominal viscera?

Answer 51

Rectus abdominus, transverse abdominus, quadratus luborum, external and internal oblique