Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy & Physiology I > Chapter 4, 5 and 6 Review > Flashcards

Chapter 4, 5 and 6 Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is the fundamental unit of life?

A

Cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What cell recognizes and destroys non-self cells?

A

Immune Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What structure in the cells is associated with the breakdown of foreign materials?

A

Lysosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the major function of ribosomes?

A

Protein Synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What organelles allow for recycling of amino acids?

A

Lysosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What processes proteins to leave the final cistern in a vesicle?

A

Golgi Apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the mitochondria responsible for?

A

ATP Production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the threads or granules in non dividing cells?

A

Chromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the nucleolus mainly consist of?

A

rRNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are projections that move materials and mucus?

A

Cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are skin cells held by?

A

Desmosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the cell extension that assists in absorption?

A

Microvilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the tail-like structure that projects the sperm?

A

Flagella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

DNA is a major component of what organelle?

A

Nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the structure that separates the inside and outside contents?

A

Plasma Membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which organelle is pinched-off from the Golgi Apparatus?

A

Lysosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a nonmembraneous cell?

A

Ribosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a membraneous cell?

A

Lysosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the engine of the cell?

A

Microfilaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What type of cell connect acts as a “spot weld”?

A

Spot Desmosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the heart muscle connections?

A

Gap Junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

Passive transport that uses carriers to attract and bind to the solute, change shape and release the solute out the other side of the carrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does diffusion require?

A

Concentration Gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Peptide Bond bind together molecules of what?

A

Amino Acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Which lipid is part of Vitamin D?
Steroids
26
The element that is present in all proteins but not carbs is?
Nitrogen
27
Is salts one of the major groups of organic substances?
No
28
How many total amino acids are there?
21
29
How many amino acids can be produced naturally by the body? (Nonessential)
13
30
How many amino acids can NOT be produced naturally? (Essential)
8
31
What are the 4 levels of protein structure?
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary
32
What is the primary protein structure?
Number, kind, and sequence of amino acids
33
What is the secondary protein structure?
polypeptide is coiled and bent into helices and pleated sheets (motifs)
34
What is the tertiary protein structure?
twisted further, includes domains
35
What are tissue hormones?
Prostaglandins
36
What is hydrophilic?
Water-loving
37
What is hydrophobic?
Water-fearing
38
What makes up the bilayers of the cell membrane?
Phospholipids
39
What is the formation of sucrose that involves the removal of a water molecule?
Dehydration Synthesis
40
What are the 4 major organic groups?
Lipids, Proteins, Carbs, and Nucleic Acid
41
What is the final functional shape of the protein?
Native State
42
What is DNA composed of?
Sugar, phosphate, and nitrogenous base
43
What is the good cholesterol?
High Density Lipids (above 40)
44
What is the bad cholesterol?
Low Density Lipids (Below 40)
45
What are the building blocks of lipids?
Fatty acids and glycerol
46
What is hydrolysis an example of?
Catabolism
47
What does Rough ER function in?
Protein Synthesis and intracellular transportation
48
What act as identification markers?
Glycoproteins
49
What are the smallest cell fibers?
Microfilaments
50
What recycles amino acids?
Lysosomes
51
What has a double membrane structure that is contoured into cristae?
Mitochondria
52
What coordinates the building and breaking apart of microtubules in the cell?
Centrosome
53
What is another name for centrosomes?
Microtubule Organizing Center (MTOC)
54
What transport processes requires energy?
Active Transport
55
What transport process does NOT require energy?
Passive Transport
56
What is the measurable difference in concentration from one area to another?
Concentration Gradient
57
What process includes moving materials from low to high concentration?
Active Transport
58
What is hypertonic?
When the solute is greater on the outside of the cell
59
What is isotonic?
When the solute is the same as the cell
60
What is hypotonic?
When the solute is less than the cell
61
What is the diffusion of water through a selective permeable membrane?
Osmosis
62
What is a solute?
Dissolved Particles
63
What is the process from high to low concentration?
Passive Transport
64
How do you measure potential osmotic pressure?
It is not measureable
65
What are water channels that permit rapid osmosis?
Aquaporins
66
What uses pumps, such as a calcium or sodium-potassium pumps, for transportation?
Active
67
What is endocytosis?
Where the plasma membrane traps some extracellular material and brings it into the cell in a vesicle
68
What is it when large particles are engulfed by the plasma membrane?
Phagocytosis
69
What is it when fluid and substances are dissolved in the cell?
Pinocytosis
70
What are chemical catalysts that reduce activation energy needed to speed up a reaction?
Enzyme
71
What is a catalyst?
Chemical that reducers the activation energy
72
How do you classify an enzyme?
1st part signifies the substrate and ends in -ase
73
What is the affect enzyme action that changes the shape of an enzyme molecule?
Allosteric Effector
74
What are the 3 pathways for cellular respiration?
Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, Electron Transport System
75
What is another name for Citric Acid Cycle?
Krebs Cycle
76
Which pathways require oxygen?
Krebs Cycle and ETS
77
Which pathway does NOT require oxygen?
Glycolysis
78
What are the start and end products of glycolysis?
Glucose to Pyruvic Acid
79
What are the start and end products of Krebs Cycle?
Pyruvic Acid to NAD
80
What are the start and end products of ETS?
NAD to ATP
81
Where does glycolysis occur?
Cytosol
82
Where does the Krebs Cycle occur?
Mitochondria
83
Where does ETS occur?
Mitochondria
84
What are functions of enzymes?
specific in their actions can alter their function by changing the shape of the molecule, or synthesize as inactive proenzymes.

Anatomy & Physiology I (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions