Midterm 2 (Virus specific) Flashcards
African Swine Fever leads to abortion regardless of the virulence of the infecting virus
True
Wild boars may carry African Swine Fever virus as chronically infected animals
True
The main tool against African Swine Fever is vaccination
False
Virulent strains of African Swine Fever virus cause an acute disease in domestic pigs
True
African Swine Fever virus infects every cloven-hoofed animal
False
Acute African Swine Fever is characterized by haemorrhages
True
African Swine Fever does not occur in Europe
False
Vaccination is used for prevention of African Swine Fever
False
African Swine Fever cause skin lesions in swine
True
African Swine Fever is caused by arbovirus
True
Vaccines may be used for the control of African Swine Fever
False
African Swine Fever is endemic in Central Europe
False
African Swine Fever virus infects pigs and ruminants
False
African Swine Fever virus can replicate in certain ticks
True
African Swine Fever is caused by any arbovirus
False
African Swine Fever is a notifiable disease
True
Virus neutralization is the most important tool for African Swine Fever diagnosis
False
Pregnant sows abort in case of African Swine Fever disease cases
True
The chronic form of African Swine Fever is similar to other immune complex disorders
True
African Swine Fever infection of humans leads to cold like symptoms
False
African Swine Fever virus may cause chronic infections in pigs
True
African Swine Fever may cause a chronic disease in wild boars
True
African Swine Fever virus infects pigs and ruminants
False
African Swine Fever virus can replicate in certain soft ticks
True
African Swine Fever may cause a chronic disease in wild boars
True
The clinical picture of chronic African Swine Fever is similar to dermatitis Nephritis / Nephropathy
True
African Swine Fever does not have any vaccination
True
Vaccinations are used in Europe for prevention of Picornaviruses
True
Just State Vet medical steps and general preventative measures are used for prevention of Picornavirus
False
Cardioviruses have a narrow host range
False
Teschen disease can affect older pigs
True
Teschen disease is endemic in Brazil
False
Both young and adult pigs can be affected by Teschen disease
True
Teschen is caused by Picornavirus
True
Teschen and Talfan are caused by the same virus type
True
Teschen Disease is caused by Enterovirus
False
Teschen Disease is present worldwide
False
Talfan Disease infects piglets older than 4 months
False
Teschen Disease causes diarrhoea in piglets
False
Picornavirus is characterized by encephalitis and severe diarrhoea
False
Teschen Disease is a sporadic disease with weakness of hind legs or encephalomyelitis in piglets.
True
Teschen Disease can affect older piglets
True
Talfan Disease can affect older pigs (4+ months)
False
Swine Vesicular Disease cause skin lesions in bovids
False
Swine Vesicular Disease is derived from Coxsacki-B5
True
Swine Vesicular Disease virus can replicate in the CNS
True
Swine Vesicular Disease is present only in Italy
False
Swine Vesicular Disease is present only in Hong Kong
False
Swine Vesicular Disease was present in both Italy and Hong Kong
True
Swine Vesicular Disease can cause clinical signs in humans
False
Swine Vesicular Disease has been present in all European countries, but now only present in South-East Asia
False
Swine Vesicular Disease is similar in appearance to Foot and Mouth Disease
True
Swine Vesicular Disease causes skin lesions in cattle
False
Judging from the clinical signs, Swine Vesicular Disease cannot be differentiated from FMD
True
Swine Vesicular Disease is frequent among pigs
False
Lameness can be a sign of Swine Vesicular Disease
True
Avian Encephalomyelitis is caused by enterovirus
False
Avian Encephalomyelitis can spread germinatively
True
Incubation time of Avian Encephalomyelitis virus is 11 (9-10) days following PO infection
True
Incubation time of Avian Encephalomyelitis virus depends on the mode of infection
True
Avian Encephalomyelitis is caused by a Hepatovirus
False
Avian Encephalomyelitis is not transmitted germinatively
False
Avian Encephalomyelitis virus kills the embryo
False
Avian Encephalomyelitis is present only in chickens
False
Avian Encephalomyelitis virus is killed at hatching temperature
False
Avian Encephalomyelitis spreads both horizontally and via eggs
True
Infection via eggs does not occur in Avian Encephalomyelitis
False
Avian Encephalomyelitis is not transmitted through the egg
False
Duck Viral Hepatitis is present in Hungary on a large scale
False
Duck Viral Hepatitis can be caused by multiple virus spp./ serotypes
True
Duck Viral Hepatitis is primarily a disease of younger ducklings
True
The primary replication site is the GI tract in Duck Viral Hepatitis
True
Type 4 Duck Viral Hepatitis can infect older animals
True
Duck Viral Hepatitis is caused by type 1 and 2 coronavirus
False
Duck Viral Hepatitis causes hemorrhagic enteritis in older ducks
False
Pathogens of Duck Viral Hepatitis can infect older animals
True
Duck Viral Hepatitis is primarily a disease of younger ducklings
True
Encephalomyocarditis may be deadly for elephants
True
Myocarditis can be a result of Foot and Mouth Disease cases
True
Vesicles are often seen on the tongue of Foot and Mouth Disease infected cattle
True
Europe is endemically infected with Foot and Mouth Disease
False
Vaccination against Foot and Mouth Disease results in type specific immunity
True
Pigs are not susceptible to Foot and Mouth Disease
False
Foot and Mouth Disease virus can be shed from infected animals during the incubation time
True
Vaccination is currently used against Foot and Mouth Disease in Europe
False
Foot and Mouth Disease virus can only infect ruminants
False
Foot and Mouth Disease is caused by enteroviruses
False
Foot and Mouth Disease is controlled by vaccinations in Europe
False
Foot and Mouth Disease virus only infects ruminants
False
Foot and Mouth Disease is not present in South America
False
Foot and Mouth Disease virus may cause severe heart muscle damage in young calves
True
Foot and Mouth Disease are endemic in Europe
False
Foot and Mouth Disease are caused by enteroviruses
False
Foot and mouth disease are caused by picornaviruses
True
Foot and Mouth Disease is clinically more severe in pigs than in cattle
False
Foot and Mouth Disease virus can replicate in epithelial and myocardial cells
True
Foot and Mouth Disease virus is spread by infected saliva and vesicle fluids within the herd
True
Foot and Mouth Disease is caused by F2 viruses
False
Recovery from Foot and Mouth Disease induces type-specific protection
True
FMD has 7 known serotypes
True
FMD has 3 subtypes SAT 1, 2, 3 in the SAT serotype
True
FMD replicates primarily in the pharynx
True
In the Asian serotype of FMD there are 3 subtypes, Asia 1, 2 and 3
False
FMD causes most severe symptoms in pigs
False
Vaccination is used against FMD
True
Europe is currently free from FMD
True
FMD replicates in the skin
True
FMD cause skin lesions in bovine
True
FMD cause skin signs in swine
True
In sheep, FMD clinical signs are usually more severe than in cattle
False
For prevention of FMD in Europe, only State Vet steps are used
True
FMD is endemic in Europe
False
FMD is controlled by vaccinations in Europe
False
Inactivated vaccines can be used in FMD endemically infected countries
True
For FMD, only the live attenuated strains can provide good immunity
False
FMD vaccination of cattle herds is permitted everywhere
False
FMD is characteristic with fever, salivation, and vesicle formation in the skin and mucous membranes
True
Avian Nephritis Virus is transmitted by rodents
False
Chickens are frequently seropositive for Avian Nephritis
True
Avian Nephritis Virus usually causes diseases in chickens of 1-3 weeks of age
False
Avian Nephritis Virus is caused by a picornavirus
False
Attenuated vaccines are used for the prevention of chicken from Avian Nephritis Virus
False
Vesicular Exanthema of Swine is similar in the clinical signs to Foot and Mouth Disease
True
Several serotypes of Swine Vesicular Exanthema virus can be detected in fishes
True
Rodents are the reservoir hosts of Vesicular Exanthema of Swine virus
False
Swine Vesicular Exanthema virus is present worldwide
False
Midges are the main vectors of the Vesicular Exanthema of Swine virus
False
Vesicular Exanthema of Swine virus is a Calcivirus
True
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease virus usually causes death in 1-3 weeks old rabbits
False
Encephalitis is a frequent sign of Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease
False
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease virus is transmitted by mosquitos
False
Encephalitis is a frequent sign of the Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease
False
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease virus is transmitted by mosquitoes
False
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease is characterised by rapid progression
True
Australia is free of Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease
False
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease virus usually causes death in 1-3 weeks old rabbits
False
There are no vaccines available against Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease
False
Up to 100% of susceptible rabbits may be killed by Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease
True
The incubation time of Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease is usually over 3 weeks
False
The Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease is a chronic illness with low morbidity
False
Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease virus is vectored by mosquitoes
False
Encephalitis is a frequent sign of the Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease
False
Rabbit Haemorrhagic disease is caused by Calciviridae
True
Feline Caliciviruses cause hemorrhagic enteritis
True
Cats may carry and shed Feline Calicivirus for several months or years
True
Feline Calicivirus infection may cause pyrexia and lameness
True
Erosions on the oral mucosa are frequent signs of Feline Calicivirus infection
True
Feline Calicivirus has a very characteristic biphasic fever
True
Rotaviruses mainly cause respiratory disease in older animals
False
Rotaviruses typically cause respiratory disease in 3-6 month old calves
False
Rotavirus is species specific
False
Bluetongue disease is present only in tropical and sub-tropical countries
False
Wild birds are the natural reservoir host of the Bluetongue virus
False
In utero Bluetongue virus infection may result in immunotolerance
True
The most severe clinical manifestation of Bluetongue disease is usually seen in goats
False
Bluetongue is an Orbivirus
True
Bluetongue primarily spreads with blood sucking insects
True
Bluetongue replicates in endothelial cells of blood vessels
True
The causative agent of Bluetongue multiplies in endothelium
True
Bluetongue has 24 known serotypes
False
Bluetongue is an enteral disease of turkeys
False
Bluetongue causes symptoms mostly in sheep and goat
False
Bluetongue is not present in Europe
False
Bluetongue causes skin signs in bovine
True
Bluetongue also infects pigs
False
Bluetongue infects all hooved animals
False
No long-term carrier stage is observed in Bluetongue virus infections
False
Bluetongue virus is typically vectored by ticks
False
Sheep are less sensitive to Bluetongue than swine
False
Ruminants and swine are the most important hosts of the Bluetongue virus
False
Lameness is one of the clinical signs of Bluetongue disease in sheep
True
Rodents are the main reservoirs of the Bluetongue virus
False
Bluetongue is present only in tropical areas
False
Lameness is a frequent clinical sign of Bluetongue in sheep
True
Vaccination against Bluetongue provides serotype-specific protection
True
Serological cross protection exists between 25 known serotypes of Bluetongue virus
False
No long-term carrier stage is observed in Bluetongue infections
False
Epizootic Haemorrhagic Fever is a Bluetongue-like disease of wild ruminants in America
True
Ibarki disease is a Bluetongue-like disease in Asia and in America
True
The serotype 8 strain of the Bluetongue virus, which emerged in Western Europe, does not cause clinical signs in cattle
False
Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease was described only in Australia so far
False
African Horse Sickness is a frequent disease, distributed worldwide
False
Respiratory signs are the most frequent symptoms in acute African Horse Sickness
True
The differential diagnosis of African Horse Sickness and Tetanus is rather complicated
False
African Horse Sickness is spread primarily by “small mosquitos”
False
Carriers for African Horse Sickness are zebras and donkeys
True
African Horse Sickness is not present in Europe today
True
African Horse Sickness is caused by an arbovirus
True
African Horse Sickness is caused by Orbivirus
True
The most characteristic post mortem lesion in African Horse Sickness is haemorrhages and oedema
True
Reservoir for African Horse Sickness is zebras and donkeys
False
African Horse Sickness is presented mainly per-acutely in donkeys
False
African Horse Sickness virus only infect horses
False
Zebras are more resistant to African Horse Sickness than horses
True
Immunized horses may develop a chronic febrile form of the African Horse Sickness
True
Horses are more susceptible than zebra in African Horse Sickness
True
Hemorrhagic meningoencephalitis is the most frequent sign of the African Horse Sickness
False
The African Horse Sickness virus may infect dogs too
True
The African Horse Sickness and the Infectious Equine Arteritis may have similar clinical signs
True
African Horse Sickness is a world-wide distributed and frequent disease
False
The subacute form of the African Horse Sickness is mainly characterised by oedematisation and cardiac dysfunctions
True
Midges are the main vectors of the Equine Encephalosis Virus
True
Avian Orthoreoviruses may cause necrotic foci in the visceral organs of birds
True
Avian Orthoreoviruses infect only via inhalation and parenterally
False
Avian Orthoreoviruses only infect via PO infections
False
All Avian Orthoreoviruses can spread germinatively
True
Helicopter Disease causes feather problems
True
Rotaviruses frequently cause tenosynovitis in birds
False
Avian Orthoreoviruses usually cause disease in adult birds
False
Avian Orthoreovirus may cause necrotic foci in the visceral organs of birds
True
Orthoreovirus infections cause immunosuppression in birds
True
Tenosynovitis is a frequent sign of Avian Orthoreovirus infection
True
Orthoreovirus mainly infects younger animals in domestic animals
True
Orthoreovirus causes respiratory and GI disease in domestic animals
True
Orthoreovirus causes tenosynovitis in piglets
False
Tenosynovitis is caused by only one Orthoreovirus
False
Orthoreoviruses frequently cause tenosynovitis of horses
False
Infectious Bursal Disease causes severe illness, mainly in waterfowl
False
Infectious Bursal Disease is especially sensitive to detergents
False
The most frequent sign of Infectious Bursal Disease is lameness
False
Only attenuated live vaccines are effective against Infectious Bursal Disease
False
Several antigenic and virulence variants of Infectious Bursal Disease virus are known
True
The Infectious Bursitis Virus is usually seen in 3 to 8 weeks-old flocks
True
The most frequent sign of Infectious Bursal Disease is lameness due to the inflammation of the subtendineal bursae
False
IBDV does not cause disease in chicken over the age of two months
True
The Infectious Bursitis Virus is inactivated within 1-2 days in the environment
False
A frequent sign of the Infectious Bursitis Virus is encephalitis
False
In Europe, only low virulence strains of Infectious Bursitis Virus can be found
False
The Infectious Bursitis Virus does not cause any damage in chickens under the age of two weeks
False
Togaviruses cause encephalomyelitis in horses in East-Asia and in Australia only
False
Several Togaviruses are zoonotic agents
True
An early sign of Eastern Encephalomyelitis is biphasic fever
True
No vaccines are available against Togaviruses
False
Mainly ticks are the vectors of Equine Encephalomyelitis Viruses
False
Serological cross-reactions are seen between certain encephalomyelitis viruses
True
Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus infects only horses
False
Mosquitoes are the principle vectors of Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus
True
Equine Encephalomyelitis Viruses cause disease in horse populations worldwide
False
Equine Encephalomyelitis outbreaks are usually emerging in summer or rainy seasons
True
After recovery from acute viral encephalomyelitis, permanent lesions may remain in horses
True
The Equine Encephalomyelitis Viruses are zoonotic agents
True
Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus infects only horses
False
Togavirus infections can unambiguously be diagnosed based on clinical signs and pathology
False
In Europe vaccination of horses against Equine Encephalomyelitis is compulsory
False
Wild birds are involved in the transmission cycle of Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis
True
Ticks are involved in the transmission cycle of EEE
False
Viral Equine Encephalomyelitis is usually diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs
False
In endemic countries, vaccines are available against Equine Viral Encephalomyelitis
True
Mainly ticks are the vectors of Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus
False
Togavirus infections can unambiguously be diagnosed based on clinical signs and pain
False
Many of the Flaviviruses are zoonotic agents
True
The Pestiviruses are Arboviruses
False
Flaviviruses form distinct serotypes without serological cross-reactions
False
Pestivirus are zoonotic agents
False
Viruses of the Pestivirus genus are more resistant in the environment than the other members of the Flavivirus genus
True
Yellow Fever Virus and Dengue virus are human pathogens
True
Flaviviruses are resistant to lipid solvents
False
Louping ill is seen in cattle in North America
False
Louping ill present only in tropical and subtropical countries
False
Louping ill is mostly seen in sheep
True
Louping ill is usually seen in rabbits
False
Abortion and foetal malformations are the most typical signs of Louping ill in sheep
False
Differential diagnoses of Louping-ill: Listeria, Rabies, Scrapie
True
Louping-ill is a disease of swine
False
Louping ill occurs in the Far-East
False
The main vectors of the Tick-borne encephalitis virus are Hyalomma and Dermacontor species
False
The Tick-borne encephalitis virus is resistant to detergents
False
Mainly birds develop Tick-borne encephalitis
False
The consumption of raw goat milk is a possible cause of the human Tick-borne encephalitis
True
Biphasic fever is a characteristic sign of Tick-born encephalitis
True
Tick-borne encephalitis viruses are present only in tropical regions
False
Inactivated vaccines are available against tick-borne encephalitis for humans
True
The Tick-borne encephalitis is widespread in North America
False
The West Nile Virus is present only in Africa
False
Mosquitoes are the principle vectors of the West Nile Virus
True
Horses and humans do not play a significant role in the transmission of West Nile Virus
True
The weather does not influence the occurrence of West Nile Fever outbreaks.
False
Horses are the reservoirs host of West Nile Virus
False
The weather influences the emergence of WNV outbreaks through its effect on mosquito propagation dynamics
True
The sero-diagnostics of West Nile Virus is complicated by cross-reactions with related Flaviviruses
True
The West Nile Virus is genetically uniform, but at least 15 serotypes are known
False
Certain predatory bird species are particularly sensitive to West Nile Virus infections
True
The use of repellents may reduce the risk of infection with West Nile Virus
True
Fomites play the most significant role in the transmission of the West Nile Virus
False
West Nile Virus typically causes reproductive problems in cattle
False
West Nile Fever can be unambiguously diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs
False
There are no available vaccinations for humans against West Nile Virus yet
True
The principal vectors of the West Nile Virus are midges
False
Different genetic lineages of West Nile Virus are circulating in Europe
True
West Nile Virus mainly causes diarrhoea in sheep
False
West Nile Virus typically causes reproductive problems in cattle
False
West Nile Virus can be unambiguously diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs
False
Wild birds are the natural hosts of West Nile virus
True
Mammals are usually accidental, dead-end hosts of WNV
True
West Nile Virus causes central nervous signs in 80-90% of the infections
False
West Nile Virus outbreaks usually develop in the end of summer and in autumn
True
West Nile Virus cannot be isolated in cell cultures
False
Vaccines are available for the prevention of horses from WNV infections
True
West Nile Virus is the only known zoonotic flavivirus
False
Attenuated vaccine strains against Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus may have foetopathic effects
True
Eradication of BVD is based on the removal of immunotolerance
True
The only efficient way of BVD eradication is the replacement of all the animals in the farm
False
In sheep, BVD may cause a disease similar to the border disease
True
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea and Mucosal Disease are caused by the same virus species
True
Mucosal disease usually emerges in cattle farms as explosive outbreaks with high morbidity
False
Swine are not susceptible for Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus
False
Two serotypes of the Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus are known so far, serotype two is more virulent
False
BVDV cannot be propagated in cell cultures
False
BVDV is practically sensitive to disinfectants
True
Rodents play a central role in the maintenance of BVD Virus in the environment
False
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea cannot be transmitted with AI
False
Non-cytopathic BVD strain can mutate and become cytopathic
True
Intrauterine BVD infection always cause abortion
False
Cytopathic and non-cytopathic biotypes of the BVD Virus are known
True
Wild birds are the natural hosts of the Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus
False
Environmental contamination does not play a role in the spread of the BVD Virus
False
The BVD Virus typically damages endothelial epithelial- and lymphatic tissues
True
Cattle which are immune-tolerant to BVDV may develop Mucosal Disease
True
Mucosal Disease, only inactivated vaccines can be used for the prevention against BVD
False
Cytopathic BVDV strains cause Mucosal Disease in immune-tolerant calves
True
Non-cytopathic BVDV infections have immunosuppressive effect
True
Because Europe is free from BVD, it is forbidden to use vaccines against it
False
The BVD Virus genotype 2 is less virulent than genotype 1
False
The BVDV typically damages endothelial-, epithelial- and lymphatic tissues
True
Only inactivated vaccines can be used for the prevention against BVD
False
BVDV infection may cause immunosuppression
True
BVDV in sheep causes Border Disease-like illness
True
Two genotypes of the BVDV are known
True
BVDV forms one serotype, but there are significant antigenic differences between the strains
True
Persistently infected animals play the major role in the maintenance and spread of BVDV
True
Eradication of BVDV is based on the removal of immunotolerant animals
True
Because BDV is an immunosuppressive virus, no vaccines available against it
False
Border Disease is most frequently seen in horses
False
In utero Border Disease virus may cause immunotolerance
True
The Border Disease virus may infect goats too
True
Border Disease of sheep is mainly characterised by foetal damages
True
The Border Disease is a hemorrhagic, respiratory syndrome in sheep
False
In the sheep, Border Disease may cause a disease similar to the BVD
True
Border Disease is a respiratory and enteric disease of lambs
False
Border Disease occurs in Hungary
True
Border Disease causes abortion in ewes
True
Border Disease of sheep can be controlled by screening for carriers
True
All wild type of strains of Classical Swine Fever are highly virulent
False
Six distinct serotypes of Classical Swine Fever Virus are recognised so far
False
Classical Swine Fever Virus is an arbovirus
False
Classical Swine Fever Virus is a zoonotic agent
False
Classical Swine Fever Virus infection has an immunosuppressive effect
True
Pigs shed Classical Swine Fever Virus only during the clinical stage of the disease
False
Central nervous signs might be seen in Classical Swine Fever
True
Based on pathology and clinical signs, chronic Classical Swine Fever is easy to diagnose
False
All known strains of the Classical Swine Fever Virus are highly virulent
False
Classical Swine Fever Virus spreads slowly in the host and causes mainly chronic disease
False
Complicated forms of the Classical Swine Fever are rarely seen
False
The Classical Swine Fever virus may cause reproductive disorders
True
Haemorrhages are the most typical lesions of acute Classical Swine Fever
True
Classical Swine Fever can be unambiguously diagnosed by the clinical signs and pathology
False
Domestic swine of most European countries are free from Classical Swine Fever Virus
True
The Classical Swine Fever may appear in a milder form in wild boar than in domestic swine
True
Low virulence strains of CSFV may lead to asymptomatic infection
True
CSF is spread via infected pigs
True
Sows infected by CSF will have immunotolerant piglets
True
Piglets of sows vaccinated against CSF are vaccinated at 6-12 months
False
To prevent CSF, we vaccinate pigs older than 6 months of age with live vaccine
False
To prevent CSF we use inactivated vaccines made from the Chinese strain
False
In CSF, shedding may start 2-3 days after the first clinical signs
False
CSF can be prevented by inactivated vaccines
False
CSF can hardly be distinguished from African Swine Fever
True
CSF always causes abortion in pigs
False
Hungary does not have to make any preventative action against CSF
False
Incubation of CSF is 8-22 days
True
CSF was first written about in USA
True
First symptom of CSF is drooping ears
False
CSF Virus has good resistance
True
Classical Swine Fever Virus is mainly transmitted by mosquitoes
False
The presence of CSFV in a herd does not influence reproduction parameters
False
CSF is frequently complicated with bacterial infections
True
The clinical signs of CSF and ASF are similar
True
Central nervous signs are never seen in CSF
False
Serological cross reactions may occur between BVDV and CSFV
False
Only inactivated vaccines are available against CSFV
False
CSFV: It is a disease of domestic swine and wild boars, but several other species are also susceptible
False
Only domestic swine and wild boars are susceptible to CSFV
True
Fever, anorexia haemorrhages in the skin and weakness of the hind legs are the most important signs of CSFV
True
For prevention of CSFV state medical steps and vaccination are used in Europe
False
The CSFV typically damages endothelial- and lymphatic tissues
True
Boutons in the large intestine are the earliest lesions in CSF
False
Swine shed CSFV only in the terminal phase of the disease
False
Wild boar may play a role in the maintenance and spread of Classical Swine Fever
True
In Europe vaccination of domestic pigs against Classical Swine Fever is common
False
Classical Swine Fever is a notifiable disease in Europe
True
In Europe, vaccination of domestic swine populations against CSF is compulsory
False
Orthobunyaviruses are transmitted by hematophagous arthropods
True
Several virus species belong to Bunyaviridae family, many present only in tropical regions
True
Bunyaviruses are typically arboviruses
True
Several Bunyaviruses are zoonotic agents
True
Serological cross-reactions are frequent between related Bunyaviruses
True
Bunyaviriuses has good antigens and good immune reaction
True
Akabane Disease virus causes foetal damage in sheep
True
The main symptoms of the Akabane Disease are foetal development disorders
True
The Akabane Disease can cause abortion in sheep
True
The main symptoms of Akabane Disease are the malformation of the foetus
True
Akabane, Aino and Schmallenberg viruses cause similar disease in ruminants
True
Akabane Disease occurs in South-West Africa and is a disease of swine
False
The Akabane Disease is mainly seen in geese
False
Abortions and fetal malformations are the most typical signs of Akabane Disease
True
Schmallenberg Virus causes foetal damages in sheep
True
Schmallenberg Virus emerged in Western Europe, in 2011, and spread rapidly in ruminants
True
In sheep the Schmallenberg Virus mainly causes foetal malformations
True
Schmallenberg Virus causes severe diseases in humans
False
Schmallenberg Virus-associated disease was first observed in 2011, in certain Western European countries
True
Schmallenberg spreads by midge vectors
True
No human case report on Schmallenberg Virus
True
Pneumonia and abortion are the main signs of Schmallenberg Virus infection in sheep
False
Midges are the main vectors of Schmallenberg Virus
True
Signs of acute Schmallenberg Virus infection in cattle are lower and reduced milk production
True
Rift Valley Fever Virus causes foetal damages in sheep
False
Rift Valley Fever Virus caused severe human outbreaks in Africa and in the Arab peninsula
True
Necrotic hepatitis is a typical lesion of Rift Valley Fever
True
The principle vectors of the Rift Valley Disease are gnats
False
Rift Valley Fever outbreaks are most frequently seen in horses
False
Rift Valley Fever Virus may cause 100% mortality in young susceptible animals
True
In enzootic regions, vaccines are used for the prevention of Rift Valley Fever
True
Rift Valley Fever may cause high mortality in young ruminants
True
Nairobi Disease viruses causes foetal damages in sheep
True
Hemorrhagic gastroenteritis is a typical lesion of Nairobi Sheep Disease
True
Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic fever virus is tick born
True
The Nairobi Sheep Disease may cause abortion in pregnant ewes
True
The most important symptom of the Nairobi Sheep Disease is nephritis
False
Nairobi Disease occurs mainly in sheep
True
The leading symptom of Nairobi Disease is renal insufficiency
False
The Nairobi Sheep Disease is vectored by ticks
True
Nairobi Sheep Disease primarily causes pathological changes in the kidney (renal insufficiency)
False
Hantaviruses cause hemorrhagic fevers in rodents
False
Hantaviruses can cause renal symptoms in humans
True
Mainly rodents are the natural reservoir of Hantaviruses
True
Hantaviruses are naturally maintained by rodents
True
In domestic animals, Hantaviruses typically cause liver dystrophy
False
Hantavirus-infected people may develop severe renal failure
True
Rodents are reservoir for Hantavirus
True
Hantavirus cause renal disorders in humans
True
In domestic animals, Hantavirus typically cause liver dysfunction
False
Crimean-Congo fever is spread by ticks
True
Hantavirus may cause respiratory disease in humans
False
Hantaviruses cause encephalitis in horses
False
