Midterm 2 (2017-2018) Flashcards
In Europe, only low virulence strains of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBVD) can be found
False
Infectious Bursal Disease is a very infectious disease
True
Pigeons are the most susceptible to IBDV
False
Early IBDV infection damages the humoral immunity
True
Wild birds are involved in the transmission cycle of Eastern Equine encephalomyelitis (EEE)
True
Ticks are involved in the transmission cycle of EEE
False
Viral Equine encephalomyelitis is usually diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs
False
In endemic countries vaccines are available against Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis
True
Flaviviruses form distinct serotypes, without serological cross-reactions
False
Tick-borne encephalitis virus can be transmitted with raw goat milk
True
Tick-borne encephalitis is mainly seen in humans
True
The principle vector of the Louping ill virus is Rhipicephalus appendiculatus
False
West Nile virus (WNV) is only present in Africa
False
Horses are the reservoir host of West Nile virus
False
The weather influences the emergence of West Nile virus outbreaks, through its effect on mosquito propagation dynamics
True
Laboratory diagnosis should confirm the aetiology of West Nile encephalitis
True
Swine is not susceptible to the Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) virus
False
The BVD virus genotype 2 is less virulent than genotype 1
False
The BVD virus cannot be transmitted via artificial insemination
False
Intrauterine BVD virus infection always causes abortion
False
Fomites do not play a role in the transmission of the Classical Swine fever virus
False
Transplacental infection with CSFV may cause immunotolerance in new-born piglets
True
Swine shed CSFV only in the terminal phase of the disease
False
Europe is free from CSFV
False
Classical Swine Fever is always an acute disease with high mortality in wild boars
False
The large intestine are the earliest lesions in Classical Swine Fever
False
The diagnoses of Classical Swine Fever is based on paired serum investigations
False
Porcine circovirus 2 may cause lesions similar to Classical swine fever
True
Rodents are the reservoir hosts of Schmallenberg virus
True
In cattle, Schmallenberg virus causes transient febrile disease with decreased milk production
True
Rift Valley Fever virus is a zoonotic agent
True
The most frequent sign of the Nairobi sheep disease is encephalitis
False
African Swine fever does not occur in Europe
False
African Swine Fever is a resistant virus
True
Immunocomplexes are formed in the case of African Swine Fever
True
Only activated vaccines are used for the prevention of African Swine Fever
False
Teschen disease occurs all over the world
False
Only pigs are susceptible to teschovirus encephalomyelitis
True
Teschovirus encephalomyelitis virus is transmitted by arthropods
False
There is widespread vaccination using inactivated vaccines to prevent teschovirus encephalomyelitis
False
Encephalomyelitis virus can infect only pigs
False
Encephalomyelitis virus remains infective in the environment
True
Encephalomyelitis virus can cause per os infection
True
Encephalomyelitis virus can infect humans
True
FMD is sporadic is Europe
True
Resistance of FMD virus is high, in the environment it remains infectious for weeks
True
FMD virus frequently causes carditis in young animals
True
Water buffaloes are not susceptible for FMD
False
The main signs of FMD are: fever, salivation, formation of vesicles, and lameness
True
Serological examinations are important in diagnosis in FMD
False
In Europe, vaccines must not be used for prevention of FMD
True
In sheep, clinical signs of FMD are very mild, it is not easy to recognise
True
The Vesicular Exanthema of swine virus infects only pigs
False
Cats shed the Feline calcivirus for several weeks
True
Lameness and fever are possible clinical signs of Feline calcivirus infection
True
Rabbits over 1 month of age become susceptible to the Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease virus
True
Genetic re-assortments may cause significant antigenic changes in reovirus strains
True
Bluetongue outbreaks mainly occur in summer and autumn
True
Goats are more resistant to the Bluetongue than sheep
True
In Europe, vaccination of small ruminants against Bluetongue is mandatory
False
The African Horse Sickness is endemic in Europe and in the USA
False
Oedemas and haemorrhages are the most frequent lesions in African Horse Sickness
True
The signs of chronic African Horse Sickness and and Equine Infectious Anaemia may be similar
True
The Equine encephalitis virus may cause abortion
True
Rotaviruses infect only mammals
False
Rotaviruses are typically transmitted via the faecal-oral route
True
Trypsin resistant strains of Avian orthoreoviruses frequently cause diarrhoea
True
Trypsin resistant strains of Avian orthoreoviruses frequently cause tenosynovitis
True
The Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) is very resistant in the environment
True
Infection of day-old chicken with IBDV may cause permanent immunosuppression
True
Pathology lesions of the Infectious Bursal Disease Virus can be similar to the Avian Influenza
True
Young chicken can be immunised only with inactivated IBDV vaccines
False
The Eastern Equine Encephalitis is present in Japan and Korea
False
Mosquitoes are the principal vectors of the Western Equine Encephalitis
True
No characteristic gross pathology lesions are seen in Equine encephalitis caused by Togaviruses
True
Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan Equine encephalitis viruses are zoonotic agents
True
Serological cross reactions frequently occur between related Flaviviruses
True
The Tick-borne encephalitis virus can be transmitted via the consumption of raw milk
True
The Louping ill is seen in rabbits in Australia
False
The West Nile virus may cause encephalitis in humans and in horses
True
Non-cytopathic strains of the Bovine Viral Diarrhoea virus (BVDV) can cause immunosuppression
True
In utero infection with non-cytopathic BVDV can cause immunotolerance
True
Mucosal Disease can develop in cattle persistently infected with BVDV
True
The Border Disease is present only in the United Kingdom
False
The Classical Swine Fever virus is a zoonotic agent
False
Low virulence strains of CSFV may cause reproductive problems
True
CSFV may damage the lymphatic tissues and blood vessel endothelial cells
True
Swine can shed CSFV in the incubation period
True
Skin suffusions and haemorrhages are signs of Classical Swine Fever
True
The clinical signs of African Swine Fever and Classical Swine Fever are very different
False
Contaminated pork meat can play a role in the transmission of CSFV
True
Attenuated vaccines are developed for immunisation for swine against CSFV
True
The Schmallenberg virus is a zoonotic agent
False
The Rift Valley Fever virus can cause reproductive disorders in cattle and sheep
True
Necrotic hepatitis is a lesion of Rift Valley Fever
True
Haemorrhagic gastroenteritis is a lesion of Nairobi sheep disease
True
Ticks can transmit African Swine Fever virus
True
Swine and wild boars are susceptible to African swine fever
True
Warthogs can maintain African Swine Fever in endemic areas
True
Attenuated vaccines are used for the prevention of African Swine Fever
False
Swine Vesicular Disease virus can infect swine and ruminants
False
Swine Vesicular Disease virus can cause infection per os
True
Swine Vesicular Disease virus does not cause viraemia, only local lesions can be seen
False
Swine Vesicular Disease virus can infect humans
False
Duck hepatitis A virus is shed in the faeces
True
Duck hepatitis A virus can cause germinative infection
False
Clinical signs of Duck hepatitis A can be seen mainly in laying ducks
False
Duck hepatitis A virus can be detected via PCR
True
For Europe, Middle-East, Africa, and Asia, are the main dangers for introduction of FMD
True
In young animals, FMD virus frequently causes myocarditis
True
FMD virus is highly contagious, spreads rapidly
True
In endemically infected countries, vaccines are also used in prevention of FMD
True
O and A serotypes of FMD are mostly widespread in the world
True
In sheep, clinical signs of FMD are very mild
True
The resistance of FMD virus is rather low, in the environment it is inactivated within days
False
About half of the countries in the world are presently infected with FMD
True
Clinical signs of the Vesicular Exanthema of swine can be similar to the Foot and Mouth disease
True
Oral erosions are signs of Feline calcivirus infection
True
Virulent strains of the Feline calcivirus can cause systemic disease with mortality
True
The Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease is present only in Australia
False
Reoviruses are sensitive to lipid solvents and detergents
False
The Bluetongue virus is vectored by midges / gnats
True
Lameness and abortions are signs of Bluetongue
True
The Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease is present in the USA in deer
True
The natural reservoirs of the African Horse Sickness virus are mainly zebras
True
Encephalitis is the most frequent sign of the African Horse Sickness
False
Rotaviruses are shed in the faeces in high titres
True
Rotaviruses usually cause enteritis in young (1-2 week old) animals
True
Orthoreoviruses can cause pneumoenteritis in calves
True
Horses usually develop lethal haemorrhagic enteritis in Orthoreovirus infection
False
Infection of adult birds with Orthoreoviruses usually remains subclinical
True
Avian orthoreoviruses can cause necrotic and inflammatory foci in visceral organs
True
Very resistant strains of the Infection Bursal Disease virus (IBDV) may cause disease in chicken with maternally derived antibodies too
True
IBDV does not cause disease in adult chicken (over 2 months of age)
True
Fever, diarrhoea, and anaemia are signs of the Infectious Bursal Disease
True
Vaccines provide high level of protection against IBDV strains
False
African Swine Fever virus has a low resistance
False
African Swine Fever virus can infect pigs and wild boars
True
The clinical signs of African Swine Fever are more severe in wild boars than in farmed pigs
False
There is a widespread vaccination in endemic areas to prevent African Swine Fever
False
Talfan disease occurs in Europe, America, and Australia
True
Pigs and ruminants are susceptible to the agent of Talfan disease
False
The agent of Talfan disease replicates in the gut
True
The agent of Talfan disease is shed lifelong after the infection
False
Germinative infection is the primary way of infection with Duck hepatitis A virus
False
Clinical signs of Duck hepatitis are seen in 1-4 week old ducklings
Ture
Spasmodical paddling is a typical sign of Duck hepatitis
True
There are no vaccines for the prevention of Duck hepatitis
False
Resistance of FMD virus is low, in the environment, they are inactivated within days
False
FMD virus can get into Europe most easily from Turkey, Middle-East, and North-Africa
True
FMD virus can cause severe myocarditis in young calves and piglets
True
Clinical signs of FMD are very mild in sheep
True
Pigs shed large amounts of FMD virus with their saliva during the acute phase of the disease
True
O and A type of FMD viruses are most widely distributed
True
The main clinical signs of FMD are: Fever, salivation, vesicles, and lameness
True
In infected countries, inactivated vaccines are also used for prevention of FMD
True
Cat queens frequently abort in the acute phase of Feline calcivirus infection
False
Some variants of Feline calicivirus may escape vaccine induced protection
True
Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease virus usually causes death in 1-3 weeks old rabbits
False
There are no vaccines available against Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease
False
Bluetongue is present only in tropical areas
False
Bluetongue virus is typically vectored by ticks
False
Endothelial damages are the most important causes of the clinical signs of Bluetongue
True
Sheep are less sensitive to Bluetongue than swine
False
Epizootic hemorrhagic disease was described only in Australia so far
False
Occasionally carnivores may get infected with African Horse Sickness virus
True
Zebras are more resistant to African Horse Sickness than horses
True
Immunized horses may develop a chronic, febrile form of the African Horse Sickness
True
Rotaviruses infect only mammalian hosts
False
Avian orthoreoviruses usually cause disease in adult birds
False
Tenosynovitis is one of the most typical manifestations of Avian orthoreovirus infections
True
Avian orthoreoviruses may cause necrotic foci in the visceral organs of birds
True
The Infectious Bursal Disease virus (IBDV) is very sensitive to detergents
False
IBDV serotype 2 is used for immunisation of chicken against Infectious Bursal Disease
False
Clinical manifestations of Infectious Bursal Disease are seen mainly in chicken between the age of 3 - 6 weeks.
True
Moderately attenuated (“hot”) IBDV vaccines are used for the immunisation of young chicken without yolk immunity
False
All known strains of the Classical Swine Fever virus are of high virulence
False
CSFV may cause reproductive disorders
True
Haemorrhages are the most typical lesions of acute Classical Swine Fever
True
The Classical Swine Fever may appear in a milder form in wild boar than in domestic swine
True
CSFV may survive in frozen meat for months
True
Shedding of CSFV begins 1 to 2 days after the appearance of clinical signs
False
CSFV can cause central nervous signs only in suckling piglets
False
Erysipelas and Porcine circovirus 2 infections may cause clinical signs and pathology lesions similar to Classical Swine Fever
True
Abortions and fetal malformations are the most typical signs of Akabane disease
True
The acute signs of Schmallenberg virus infection in cattle are fever and reduced milk production
True
Certain European mosquito species are competent vectors of Rift Valley Fever virus
True
Rift Valley Fever may cause high lethality in young ruminants
True
In Europe, the ticks are the most important means in the transmission of the ASF virus
False
In case of ASF infection, viraemia can last for months
True
Infection by moderately virulent ASF results in high mortality of sows
True
In acute ASF the leading pathological lesion is haemorrhage
True
FMD virus can be transferred by frozen meat
True
FMD virus cannot be isolated in cell culture
False
FMD virus is genetically and serologically uniform
False
The main reservoirs of FMD virus are cattle and buffalo
True
FMD virus is carried in the tonsils, lymphatic tissues and hoof of the infected animal
True
FMD erosions are characteristic with tattered edge and red base
True
FMD infection in young animals leads to myocarditis
True
Vaccination against FMD can prevent the infection
False
VES is more contagious than FMD
False
VES can be easily differentiated from FMD by the character of the vesicles
False
Virulent systemic Feline calicivirus causes more severe symptom in kittens
False
FCV infection results in a two-phase fever
True
The hemorrhage in RHD is the result of virus multiplication in the liver
True
In RHD pathology we can see hemorrhages and infarcts in the kidney
True
Noroviruses may be zoonotic
True
The Avian hepatitis E is zoonotic
False
The Infectious Bursitis virus has more than one virulence variants
True
The Infectious Bursitis virus causes anaemia
True
The Infectious Bursitis virus can be isolated on CAM
True
There is no vaccine available against Infectious Bursitis virus
False
Teschen and Talfan disease are caused by different virulence variants of the same virus
True
Porcine Teschovirus encephalomyelitis virus is shed in the faeces
True
Asymptomatic pigs can shed the Porcine Teschovirus encephalomyelitis virus
True
Porcine Teschovirus encephalomyelitis virus replicates in the gut
True
Swine Vesicular Disease virus cannot survive in the environment
False
Swine Vesicular Disease virus causes viraemia
True
Swine Vesicular Disease virus can cause vesicles on the snout
True
The mortality of Swine Vesicular Disease is generally above 50%
False
Encephalomyocarditis virus has a narrow host range
False
Rodents can maintain Encephalomyocarditis virus infection
True
Encephalomyocarditis virus can cause necrosis of the heart muscle
True
Encephalomyocarditis virus is a zoonosis
True
Trypsin-sensitive avian Orthoreoviruses can cause respiratory disease
True
Swine Rotavirus infection is frequently followed by E. coli secondary infection in piglets
True
Avian Rotaviruses can cause tenosynovitis
False
Avian Orthoreoviruses can cause germinative (ovogen) infection
True
Rotaviral enteritis of calves can be prevented by immunization of pregnant cows
True
Rotaviruses can cause chronic enteritis and persistent infection
False
Bluetongue causes transient infection in cattle
False
Bluetongue vaccines induce serotype-specific immunity
True
African Horse Sickness was transported to Europe by migratory birds
False
African Horse Sickness can cause encephalitis
False
African Horse Sickness is a notifiable (communicable) disease in Europe
True
African Horse Sickness can cause lung oedema
True
Orthoreoviruses can cause encephalitis in cattle
False
Avian Orthoreoviruses can cause inapparent infections in poultry
True
Avian Orthoreoviruses can cause Poult enteritis-mortality syndrome (PEMS)
True
Infectious tenosynovitis can be prevented by vaccination
True
Togavirus-caused Encephalomyelitis of horses occurs frequently worldwide
False
The host range of Horse Encephalomyelitis Togaviruses is wide
True
American Horse Encephalomyelitis most frequently cause clinical signs is birds, horses, and humans
True
Humans are not susceptible to Horse Encephalomyelitis Togaviruses
False
Tick-borne encephalomyelitis mainly occurs clinically in humans
True
Tick-borne encephalomyelitis occurs throughout Europe and Asia
True
Tick-borne encephalomyelitis exists as natural foci infections
True
Ruminants are long term carries of tick-borne encephalomyelitis virus
False
West Nile Fever practically is restricted to Africa
False
The most important maintaining hosts of West Nile Fever virus are water birds
True
Clinical signs of West Nile Fever are most frequently seen in birds, horses and humans
True
In West Nile fever virus, neurological signs develop only in a small percentage of the diseased animals
True
BVD clinically is mostly seen in cattle from 6 to 24 months of age
True
BVD virus can cause severe damage to foetuses in pregnant cows
True
Only cattle is susceptible to BVD virus
False
Border Disease appears as foetal damage in pregnant ewes
True
Classical Swine Fever virus is shed with faces when boutons appear in the intestines
False
Classical Swine Fever virus can cause nervous symptoms only in suckling piglets
False
Classical Swine Fever virus can cause immunosuppression in pigs
True
Classical Swine Fever can be eradicated from wild boar populations by oral vaccination
False
Classical Swine Fever virus is rarely complicated by secondary infections
False
Classical Swine Fever can be diagnosed easily by the characteristic symptoms and lesions
False
Domestic swine stocks are free of Classical Swine Fever in most of the European countries
True
Classical Swine Fever usually appears in a milder form in wild boar than in domestic pigs
True
Akabane disease is zoonotic
False
Schmallenberg disease is zoonotic
False
Rift Valley Fever is zoonotic
True
Nairobi sheep disease is zoonotic
True
Despite being enveloped, the resistance of ASF virus in the environment is high
True
The moderately virulent ASF virus does not cause fever
False
In case of infection by highly virulent ASF virus, we can see skin necrosis as a clinical sign
False
In chronic cases of ASF, spleen hyperplasia is a leading pathological lesion
True
FMD virus retains its infectivity for more than a month in manure
True
Genotype C of the FMD virus is the most frequently detected worldwide
False
Swine shed about 1000-3000% higher FMD virus concentration comparing to ruminants
True
Hedgehogs are susceptible to FMD
True
Shedding of FMD virus starts 3 days after the infection
False
FMD virus is shed by semen too
True
Vaccinated animals can carry FMD virus
True
Comparing to cattle, swine show milder vesicular symptoms in FMD
True
Vesicular exanthema of swine is of sea-mammal origin
True
We can differentiate VES from FMD by the lack of lameness
False
Infected cats carry Feline calicivirus at least for a month
True
Feline calicivirus may be shed by urine and feces
True
Vaccine against RHD is produced in rabbits
True
RHD causes airborne infection
True
Sapoviruses cause gastrointestinal infections in human
True
Hepatitis E Virus causes characteristic clinical symptoms in swine
False
The resistance of infectious bursitis virus is very high
True
The Infectious Bursitis virus spreads by mosquitoes
False
IBDV causes immunosuppression in chicken between 2-8 weeks of age
True
By disinfection of the eggshell we can prevent IBDV infection
True
Porcine Teschovirus Encephalomyelitis is mainly caused by serotype 1 strains
True
Porcine Teschovirus Encephalomyelitis virus is maintained by rodents
False
Porcine Teschovirus Encephalomyelitis virus can infect pigs and cattle
False
Porcine Teschovirus Encephalomyelitis virus cannot survive in the environment
False
Avian Encephalomyelitis is caused by a double stranded DNA virus
False
Chickens are susceptible to Avian Encephalomyelitis virus
True
Germinative infection is a way of spreading of Avian Encephalomyelitis virus
True
Tremor is a common clinical sign of Avian Encephalomyelitis
True
Per os infection is a common way of infection with Duck Hepatitis A virus
True
Germinative infection is a common way of infection with Duck Hepatitis A virus
False
Clinical signs of Duck Hepatitis can be seen in all age groups
False
Spasmodical paddling is a frequent clinical sign of Duck Hepatitis
True
Orbiviruses spread by droplet (aerogen) infection
False
Bluetongue disease occurs only in Africa
False
Bluetongue is named after the cyanosis of the tongue
True
Bluetongue is named after the pseudo-melanosis of the tongue
False
Bluetongue infects also horses and dogs
False
Bluetongue is also foetopathic
True
Ibaraki disease virus immunises against Bluetongue
False
Horse Encephalosis appeared several times in Europe between 2006 and 2009
False
African Horse Sickness is spread by ticks
False
African Horse Sickness is zoonotic
False
African Horse Sickness is prevented in Africa by combined vaccines
True
Horse Encephalosis is endemic in Africa
True
The subacute form of African Horse Sickness is causing oedema formation and heart failure
True
Rotaviruses cause mainly respiratory signs in cattle
False
Orthoreoviruses can cause pneumoenteritis in cattle
True
Avian orthoreo- and rotaviruses can cause runting-stunting syndrome in chickens
True
American Horse Encephalomyelitis viruses represent several types and subtypes
True
Vectors of American Horse Encephalomyelitis Togaviruses are mosquitoes
True
Main means of control of American Horse Encephalomyelitis are mosquito control and vaccines
True
Vaccines cannot be used to prevent Togavirus-caused encephalomyelitis of horse
False
Tick-borne encephalomyelitis most frequently is seen clinically in ruminants
False
Occasionally Tick-borne encephalomyelitis virus can be transmitted to humans via consuming raw milk
True
Tick-borne encephalomyelitis occurs seasonally
True
For humans inactivated Tick-borne encephalomyelitis virus vaccines are also available
True
West Nile Fever occurs worldwide
True
Vectors of West Nile Fever virus are different mosquito species
True
The host range of West Nile virus is very wide
True
Humans are not susceptible to West Nile Disease virus
False
BVD virus exists in several serotypes
False
BVD infection of pregnant cows can result in delivery of immunotolerant persistently infected calves
True
Bulls can shed BVD virus for long time in semen, without showing any clinical signs
True
Both attenuated live and inactivated vaccines are used in eradication of BVD
True
Acute Classical Swine Fever can cause hemorrhagic pneumonia
True
Classical Swine Fever virus doesn’t induce neutralising antibody production
False
Classical Swine Fever virus is inactivated in chilled meat at -20°C
False
Classical Swine Fever virus can cause immunotolerance in swine
True
Classical Swine Fever virus is immunosuppressive
True
Only DIVA vaccines should be used to prevent Classical Swine Fever in swine stocks
False
Classical Swine Fever virus causes lympho-histiocytic encephalitis in pigs
True
Classical Swine Fever virus causes lympho-histiocytic encephalitis in carnivores
False
Rift-Valley Fever caused human epidemics in Africa
True
Ticks are reservoirs and vectors of the Schmallenberg virus
False
Schmallenberg virus was transported to Europe from South-America
False
Nairobi sheep disease can cause hemorrhagic enteritis among sheep
True
