Midterm 2 - Plant Structure and Growth Flashcards
1
Q
dendritic form
A
- branched extension of a nerve cell
- propagates the electrochemical stimulation
2
Q
plant cell walls
A
- specialized form of extracellular matrix
- tough, rigid structure
- primary and secondary
3
Q
lignin
A
- complex organic polymer
- wood
4
Q
cheap growth
A
- vacuole takes up water
- absorbing water = less time consuming/cheap
5
Q
vacuole
A
- in cytoplasm
- hold materials for storage, excretion, or digestion
6
Q
shoot system
A
- aboveground portion of the plant
- nonreproductive plant parts (leaves and stems)
- reproductive parts (flowers and fruits)
7
Q
stem
A
- structural axis of plant
- green and photosynthetic
- modified: potato
8
Q
leaves
A
- usually for photosynthesis
- modified: spines (cactus), tendrils (peas)
9
Q
roots
A
- anchorage
- absorption of water and minerals
- food storage
10
Q
modular development
A
- one module
- leaf + axillary bud + internode
11
Q
plastic development
A
- respond to plant’s experiences
- flexible growth responses
- sense stress (wind)
11
Q
ground tissue system
A
- photosynthesis
- provides support
- stores water and sugars
12
Q
vascular tissue system
A
- xylem and phloem
- transports food and water throughout plant
13
Q
xylem
A
- vascular tissue
- conducts water up plant
- physical support
14
Q
phloem
A
- conducts a sugar solution in all directions around plant
15
Q
sieve tube members
A
- no nucleus but living
- joined into food-conducting sieve tubes
16
Q
companion cells
A
- alive, no nucleus
- supplies sieve with proteins
17
Q
dermal tissue system
A
- protective plant tissue
- covers outermost part of plant
- controls gas exchange
18
Q
primary growth
A
- results in increase in length of stem and root
- caused by cell division in shoot or root apical meristem
19
Q
root/shoot apical meristem
A
- located at tips of stems and roots
- allows plant to extend in length
20
Q
secondary growth
A
- results in increase in thickness or girth
- caused by lateral meristem and cork cambium
21
Q
lateral meristem
A
- enables a plant to grow in thickness or girth
22
Q
vascular cambium
A
- main growth tissue in stems and roots
23
Q
cork cambium
A
- secondary meristematic tissue
- secondary growth (especially in woody plants)
