Midterm 2 - Cellular Respiration

Question 1

cellular respiration

Answer 1

• oxidation of glucose and the capture of energy

Question 2

intermediates

Answer 2

• precursors
• synthesis of other things

Question 3

glycolysis

Answer 3

• process of breaking glucose into two three-carbon molecules with the production of ATP and NADH

Question 4

precursors

Answer 4

• a substance from which another substance is formed

Question 5

cytosol

Answer 5

• where glycolysis takes place
• liquid inside a cell

Question 6

NADH

Answer 6

• used to generate ATP

Question 7

pyruvate decarboxylation

Answer 7

• conversion of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA

Question 8

biochemical cycles

Answer 8

• movement and transformation of elements and compounds

Question 8

citric acid cycle

Answer 8

• series of enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions
• extraction of energy from carbs

Question 9

acetyl-CoA

Answer 9

• combo of an acetyl group derived from pyruvic acid and coenzyme A

Question 10

products of citric acid cycle (4)

Answer 10

• ATP
• NADH
• FADH2
• CO2

Question 11

reduced electron carriers

Answer 11

• NADH and FADH2
• transfer electrons to molecules near beginning of the transport chain

Question 12

electron transport

Answer 12

• transferring electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor

Question 13

H+ pumping across the inner membrane

Answer 13

• establishes electrochemical gradient
• during chemiosmosis

Question 13

intermembrane space

Answer 13

• space between or involving two or more membranes

Question 14

proton gradient

Answer 14

• forms from differences in proton concentration between inside and outside of a biological membrane

Question 15

ATP synthase

Answer 15

• adds a phosphate to ADP
• helps proteins across intermembrane space

Question 16

uncouplers

Answer 16

• disrupts oxidative phosphorylation

Question 16

electron transport blockers

Answer 16

• inhibits transport of electrons to oxygen

Question 17

fermentation

Answer 17

• process of regenerating NAD+ with organic or inorganic compound
• happens in absence of oxygen

Question 18

lactate

Answer 18

• body produces by breakdown of glucose

Question 19

ethanol

Answer 19

• converts sugars into cellular energy

Question 20

function of fermentation

Answer 20

• allows NADH to dump its electrons somewhere
• keeps glycolysis and ATP production going