Midterm 2 - Cellular Respiration Flashcards
1
Q
cellular respiration
A
- oxidation of glucose and the capture of energy
2
Q
intermediates
A
- precursors
- synthesis of other things
3
Q
glycolysis
A
- process of breaking glucose into two three-carbon molecules with the production of ATP and NADH
4
Q
precursors
A
- a substance from which another substance is formed
5
Q
cytosol
A
- where glycolysis takes place
- liquid inside a cell
6
Q
NADH
A
- used to generate ATP
7
Q
pyruvate decarboxylation
A
- conversion of pyruvate into acetyl-CoA
8
Q
biochemical cycles
A
- movement and transformation of elements and compounds
8
Q
citric acid cycle
A
- series of enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions
- extraction of energy from carbs
9
Q
acetyl-CoA
A
- combo of an acetyl group derived from pyruvic acid and coenzyme A
10
Q
products of citric acid cycle (4)
A
- ATP
- NADH
- FADH2
- CO2
11
Q
reduced electron carriers
A
- NADH and FADH2
- transfer electrons to molecules near beginning of the transport chain
12
Q
electron transport
A
- transferring electrons from an electron donor to an electron acceptor
13
Q
H+ pumping across the inner membrane
A
- establishes electrochemical gradient
- during chemiosmosis
13
Q
intermembrane space
A
- space between or involving two or more membranes
14
Q
proton gradient
A
- forms from differences in proton concentration between inside and outside of a biological membrane
15
Q
ATP synthase
A
- adds a phosphate to ADP
- helps proteins across intermembrane space
16
Q
uncouplers
A
- disrupts oxidative phosphorylation
16
Q
electron transport blockers
A
- inhibits transport of electrons to oxygen
17
Q
fermentation
A
- process of regenerating NAD+ with organic or inorganic compound
- happens in absence of oxygen
18
Q
lactate
A
- body produces by breakdown of glucose
19
Q
ethanol
A
- converts sugars into cellular energy
20
Q
function of fermentation
A
- allows NADH to dump its electrons somewhere
- keeps glycolysis and ATP production going
