Midterm 2 - Bioenergetics and Enzymes Flashcards
1
Q
metabolism
A
- all chemical reactions that take place inside cells, including anabolism and catabolism
2
Q
catabolic pathways
A
- complex molecules break down into simpler ones
3
Q
anabolic pathways
A
- require energy input to synthesize complex molecules from simpler ones
4
Q
free energy
A
- usable energy
- available to do work
5
Q
work
A
- transfer of energy by a force acting on an object
6
Q
exergonic reactions
A
- release free energy
7
Q
endergonic reactions
A
- need energy input
8
Q
reaction coupling
A
- two reactant molecules bonded together
9
Q
ATP
A
- adenosine triphosphate
- cell’s energy currency
10
Q
energy carrier
A
- used to produce mechanical work/heat or to operate chemical/physical processes
11
Q
ATP hydrolysis
A
- exergonic
- slow
12
Q
ATPases
A
- enzyme
- needed to make hydrolysis reaction go at a rapid rate
13
Q
ATP synthesis
A
- endergonic
14
Q
ATP cycle
A
- linking of cellular exergonic and endergonic reactions
15
Q
enzyme
A
- usually protein
- speeds up rate of reaction
16
Q
activation energy
A
- energy necessary for reactions to occur
17
Q
transition state
A
- high-energy, unstable state
- during chemical reaction
18
Q
enzyme specificity
A
- can select specific substrate from chemically similar compounds
18
Q
active site
A
- enzyme’s specific region to which the substrate binds
19
Q
induced fit
A
- dynamic fit between the enzyme and its substrate
- both components modify structures for ideal bonding
20
Q
saturation kinetics
A
- concentration of reactant or component being transported is increased
21
Q
protein denaturation
A
- modifying molecular structure of a protein
22
Q
cofactor
A
- inorganic ion (Fe, Mg)
- needed for optimal enzyme activity regulation
23
Q
enzyme inhibitor
A
- reduced or stopping of enzyme activity
24
Q
enzyme activator
A
- bind to enzymes
- increase activity
25
Q
allosteric regualtion
A
- regulation of enzyme
- binds an effector molecule at site other than active site
26
Q
feedback inhibition
A
- inhibits first enzyme’s activity in pathway it produces
27
Q
oxidation-reduction reactions
A
- loss or gain of electrons
- transfer/sharing
28
Q
electron carriers
A
- NADH, NADPH
- pull electrons off compounds and carry them to other locations
