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Ans > Midterm 2 Lecture 15 > Flashcards

Midterm 2 Lecture 15 Flashcards

1
Q

What are features of the immune system

A

Distinguish its self from non self molecules
Protect against disease causing microorganism(pathogens)
Mobilize cells to the site of infection/inflammation
Contain the infection to then get it back to normal
Develops antigen-specific antibodies and long lasting immunity (immunological memory)

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2
Q

What is self vs non self in the immune system

A

Every cell in the animal has a cell surface marker for self identification

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3
Q

What does the immune system do to self and non self molecules

A

It identifies to recognize the “self” molecules during fetal development and the rest are non self

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4
Q

What is a antigen

A

It causes an immune response. A non self origin, can be pathogenic or an allergen. It’s know as a antibody generator

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5
Q

What is a antigen composed of

A

Protein or carbohydrates that’s recognized as a non self and rarely a lipid,DNA,RNA

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6
Q

What is epitope

A

A part of an Antigen. Antigens have several epitopes

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7
Q

Does each epitope generate a unique antibody

A

Yes

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8
Q

What is primary lymphoid organs

A

The site of lymphocyte development with class of white blood cells like
They’re derived in early embryo development in the bone tissue which is the yolk sac

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9
Q

What are the 2 main classes of lymphocytes

A

T cells and B cells

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10
Q

Where are T cells matured

A

In the thymus and stimulate antigen

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11
Q

Where are B cells matured

A

In bien Marrow and they secrete antibodies

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12
Q

Where do T cells and B cells go after they’re matured

A

They go to the secondary lymphoid organs

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13
Q

What are the secondary lymphoid organs

A

Spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, lymph nodes,and peyers patches that are in the ileum

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14
Q

What is the first line of defense in the immune system

A

Physical anatomical and chemical barriers

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15
Q

What are examples of physical Barriers

A

The skin, mucus, peristalsis, flushing(tears ,Salavia,urine) ,cilia

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16
Q

What are examples of chemical barriers

A

Acidic Ph (stomach,vagina), sweat, bile salts, digestive enzymes, anti microbial peptides like
- paneth cells which make defensins and cryptdins which disrupts bacterial memebranes
- lysozyme which is in tears,saliva of milk which cuts links of bacteria

17
Q

What do commensal microbes do

A

Provide befits for digestion but compete for nutrients and space to keep others out

18
Q

What happens if the physical or chemical barrier are surpassed

A

The first branch of the immune system comes in called innate immunity

19
Q

What is innate immunity

A

A series of cells that respond to a pathogen or toxin in a non specific way recognizing it as a non self

20
Q

Who are the cells in innate immunity

A

Neutrophils
Monocytes/macrophages
Dendritic cells

21
Q

What is cell meditated immunity

A

To identify the pathogens and then eliminate them

22
Q

What are the white blood cells in innate immunity

A

Leukocytes

23
Q

What do macrophages and neutrophils do

A

Phagocytosis which is when a cell targets a antigen to get rid of it

24
Q

What is special about dendritic cells and macrophages

A

They’re antigens present ping cells meaning they communicate with other cells which is called captive immunity since they only identify

25
Q

What are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)

A

They recognize pathogen associated molecular patterns(PAMPS) and bind them

26
Q

What happens when PAMP is recognized by PRRS

A

Cytokines gets secreted and start causing inflammation

27
Q

When does adaptive immunity happen

A

When innate immunity fails

28
Q

What is the process of adaptive immunity

A

Macrophages and dendritic cells go to the peyer patches and lymph nodes

Then the antigen presenting cells (APC) activate T cells

The T cells activate the B cells to make a antibody against the antigen

29
Q

How do antibodies know where to go

A

T cells go back into the circulation and go to the place of infection and that’s where inflammation is

30
Q

What happens when infection is Controlled

A

The immune system turns itself off
Regulatory T cells reduce inflammation
And after infection memory T and B cells form to have a quicker immune response if the infection comes back

31
Q

What is passive immunity

A

The transfer of maternal antibodies to its offspring

32
Q

How does passive immunity go through

A

Can be across the placenta
Ex) humans and rabbits
Though colostrum
Ex) ruminants
Which gets absorbed into bloodstream before villi closure which is 48hrs this is because villi isn’t fully formed yet

33
Q

What passive immunity antibodies short term

A

Yes

34
Q

How does mature milk do passive immunity

A

It contains antibodies and anti microbial

35
Q

How does the immune system get finely tuned

A

Recognizing antigens from non threatening sources
Distinguish between commensal bacteria and pathogens
Speed,strength,and duration of immune response

Ans (8 decks)

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