Midterm 2 Lecture 15 Flashcards
What are features of the immune system
Distinguish its self from non self molecules
Protect against disease causing microorganism(pathogens)
Mobilize cells to the site of infection/inflammation
Contain the infection to then get it back to normal
Develops antigen-specific antibodies and long lasting immunity (immunological memory)
What is self vs non self in the immune system
Every cell in the animal has a cell surface marker for self identification
What does the immune system do to self and non self molecules
It identifies to recognize the “self” molecules during fetal development and the rest are non self
What is a antigen
It causes an immune response. A non self origin, can be pathogenic or an allergen. It’s know as a antibody generator
What is a antigen composed of
Protein or carbohydrates that’s recognized as a non self and rarely a lipid,DNA,RNA
What is epitope
A part of an Antigen. Antigens have several epitopes
Does each epitope generate a unique antibody
Yes
What is primary lymphoid organs
The site of lymphocyte development with class of white blood cells like
They’re derived in early embryo development in the bone tissue which is the yolk sac
What are the 2 main classes of lymphocytes
T cells and B cells
Where are T cells matured
In the thymus and stimulate antigen
Where are B cells matured
In bien Marrow and they secrete antibodies
Where do T cells and B cells go after they’re matured
They go to the secondary lymphoid organs
What are the secondary lymphoid organs
Spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, lymph nodes,and peyers patches that are in the ileum
What is the first line of defense in the immune system
Physical anatomical and chemical barriers
What are examples of physical Barriers
The skin, mucus, peristalsis, flushing(tears ,Salavia,urine) ,cilia
What are examples of chemical barriers
Acidic Ph (stomach,vagina), sweat, bile salts, digestive enzymes, anti microbial peptides like
- paneth cells which make defensins and cryptdins which disrupts bacterial memebranes
- lysozyme which is in tears,saliva of milk which cuts links of bacteria
What do commensal microbes do
Provide befits for digestion but compete for nutrients and space to keep others out
What happens if the physical or chemical barrier are surpassed
The first branch of the immune system comes in called innate immunity
What is innate immunity
A series of cells that respond to a pathogen or toxin in a non specific way recognizing it as a non self
Who are the cells in innate immunity
Neutrophils
Monocytes/macrophages
Dendritic cells
What is cell meditated immunity
To identify the pathogens and then eliminate them
What are the white blood cells in innate immunity
Leukocytes
What do macrophages and neutrophils do
Phagocytosis which is when a cell targets a antigen to get rid of it
What is special about dendritic cells and macrophages
They’re antigens present ping cells meaning they communicate with other cells which is called captive immunity since they only identify
What are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)
They recognize pathogen associated molecular patterns(PAMPS) and bind them
What happens when PAMP is recognized by PRRS
Cytokines gets secreted and start causing inflammation
When does adaptive immunity happen
When innate immunity fails
What is the process of adaptive immunity
Macrophages and dendritic cells go to the peyer patches and lymph nodes
Then the antigen presenting cells (APC) activate T cells
The T cells activate the B cells to make a antibody against the antigen
How do antibodies know where to go
T cells go back into the circulation and go to the place of infection and that’s where inflammation is
What happens when infection is Controlled
The immune system turns itself off
Regulatory T cells reduce inflammation
And after infection memory T and B cells form to have a quicker immune response if the infection comes back
What is passive immunity
The transfer of maternal antibodies to its offspring
How does passive immunity go through
Can be across the placenta
Ex) humans and rabbits
Though colostrum
Ex) ruminants
Which gets absorbed into bloodstream before villi closure which is 48hrs this is because villi isn’t fully formed yet
What passive immunity antibodies short term
Yes
How does mature milk do passive immunity
It contains antibodies and anti microbial
How does the immune system get finely tuned
Recognizing antigens from non threatening sources
Distinguish between commensal bacteria and pathogens
Speed,strength,and duration of immune response
