Midterm 2 Lec 12 Flashcards
What is macitence of animals
Basic functions like regulate body temperature,breath, being able to walk
What is nutrition
The study of the body uses nutrients
What is growth in animals
The increase of weight and tissue
Describe production in animals
Making milk,meat,eggs,wool
What is reproduction like in animals
Need to be on top of their maintenance and production
What depends on nutrients in animals
Maintenance
Growth
Production
Reproduction
What are essitnsik nutrients
The animal can’t make it on their own or enough so they need to get it from their diet
What are nonessential nutrients
Nutrients that are made from the body
Can essential and non essential nutrients vary in animals
Yes
What are the 6 classes of nutrients
Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals,water, and vitamins
What nutrients give energy for the animal
Carbs, fats, protein
What nutrients make up structures in animals ( muscle tissue,bones)
Fats, proteins,minerals, water
What nutrients make up regulation in the animal
Proteins, minerals,water, vitamins
Why is water important for animal
It’s a major part of body tissues and products like eggs and milk
And 60% of theirs body weight
How can animals get water
By drinking water
Through its food depending on the feed being 10-80%
Metabolic water- can be made through metabolism
Can animal die from lack of water before starvation
Yes
What are the bodily functions of water
Shape, temp regulation, transport,metabolic reactions
What are the types of carbohydrates
Simple carbs and complex carbs
What is a simple carbohydrate made up of
Monosaccharides (single sugar molecules) like glucose and disaccharides like maltose
What makes up complex carbs
Polysaccharides
What are examples of complex carbs
Starch- energy storage
Cellulose- part of cell wall in plants
What elements are in carbohydrates
Carbon,hydrogen,oxygen
How are carbs related with energy
Because glucose can be stored in tissues
Where can the sources of carbohydrates come from
-Grains which are simple sugars and starch which are easy to digest
-forage it contains the cellulose and it requires microbial fermnetioaj to break down
What is main form of fat in the diet of an animals
Triglyceride
What is a triglycerides composed of
Glycerol back bone and 3 fatty acid side chains
What can fatty acid side chains differ in
The amount of carbon they have,
And numbers of double bonds they have
What elements are in fats
Carbon,hydrogen and Oxygen but less than carbohydrates
Are fats energy dense
Yes 2.25 time more than carbohydrates on a weight for weight basis
Do fats carry vitamins
Yes
What are saturated fats like
They have no double bonds in the fatty acid chain
What are unstructured fats like
They have one or more double bonds in the fatty acid chain
What are proteins
Chains of amino acids that are joined by peptide bonds
How is the order of amino acids determined
DNA sequence
What are proteins composed of
Hydrogen,carbon,oxygen and nitrogen
What is simple protein
Just amino acids
What is a complex protein
Amino acids and other substances
What substances are in complex protein
Heme groups-hemoglobin it carries oxygen in the blood
Lipid - lipoproteins
Carbohydrates sugar attached to then- glycoproteins
What is the quality of protien
How much amino acids are present and the ratio
How many amino acids are essential and what are they called
10 amino acids . They’re called valine and serine
What are minerals
Inorganic they don’t have carbon, hydrogen,oxygen and nitrogen
What are examples of minerals
Calcium,phosphorus,sodium
Can minerals supply energy to the diet
No
What is a macro nutrient
When it’s needed in large amounts like calcium
What is micro nutrient
When it’s needed in a small amount like selenium
What are macro nutrient examples
Chlorine,calcium, magnesium and phosphorus
What are examples of micro nutrients
Cobalt,copper,iron,iodine
What are vitamins
Group of nutrients that are unrelated structurely
What are fat soluble essential for
All animals
What are water soluble vitamins essential for
Monogastric animals,non ruminants
Because they don’t have the vitamins that live in the rumen and horses have it in their cecum
What is the result from the lack of vitamins
Disease
How many known vitamins are there
16
What is used to determine the diet being made for an animal
Digestibility
Palatability (taste good)
Adding and blending of minerals and vitamins
What shows a diet is good for the animal
It balance of nutrients meets the need of teh animal
What is proximate analysis
A series of chemical and analytic methods that breaks down the feed to its core nutrients to get a approximate composition of the feed
What are the core nutrients in proximate analysis
Water,minerals,protein,fat, carbohydrate
What are the parts of proximate analysis
1) feed
2a) Moisture 2b) Dry Matter
3a) Ash 3b) Organic Matter
4a) Protein 4b) Non-nitrogenous matter
5a) Fat 5b) Carbohydrate
6a) Crude Fiber 6b) Nitrogen-Free Extract
How much nitrogen is in proteins
16%
Where can starches be found in
In grains
Where can cellulose be found in
Forage
What is crude fiber
The cellulose content of the diet
How is dry meter determined
By weighing the feed and dehydrating it in the oven and then re weighing it
What does crude protien determine
The amount of nitrogen in the feed
What is crude fat
The portion of feed that is soluble in ether
What is acid detergent fiber
The cell wall portion of the forage that’s made up of cellulose and ligin
What is neutral detergnat fiber
A reflection of teh amount of forage the animal can eat
What is chemical analysis
Determines the exact amount of what’s in the animal feed
What is more common proximate or chemical analysis
Proximate because chemical is expensive
