Midterm 2 Lecture 10 Flashcards
What is digestion
The physical, chemical and enzymatic break down of food
What is a carnivore
Eats meat, ex) cats, dogs
What is a herbivore
Eats plants, ex) rabbits, horses, goats
What is a omnivore
Eats both plants and meats, Ex) humans, pigs ,chickens
What type of stomatch do non ruminanats have
Mono gastric meaning they don’t have a rumin
Where does the digestive system start
In the head gut it receives food
What does the foregut do
Move the food from the head gut or store food
What does the midgut do
The breakdown of big molecules and acids and fats get absorbed
What does the hindgut do
Absorb water and feces is formed and eliminated
What is pretension
The methods animals use to get food in their mouth
What is mastication
When animal is chewing
What is salivation
Produce liquid,buffers and salts to then moisten the food to then easily chew the food
What is deglutition
The process of swallowing
What is peristalsis
Muscle contractions that get the food down the digestive tract
What happens in the stomach (chemical digestion)
Acid (HCL) secretion which starts the digestive process by denaturing protein in food
What is in the small intestine
The mid gut and the hind gut
What type of digestion happens in the small intestine and large intestine
Enzymatic digestion
What are the 2 ways the diet of an animal is categorized
By its diet or by the type of stomach it has
What are the subtypes of being a mono gastric/non ruminants
Simple and more complex( has a functional cecum so it can use more fibrous feedstuff)
Functions of the GI tract
1) receiving (head gut)
2) conducting storing(foregut)
3) digestion/absorption(midgut)
4) absorbing water, defecting( hindgut)
What are the 3 types of digestion
Physical/mechanical , chemical, enzymatic
What is physical/ mechanical digestion
Pretension, mastication, salivation,deglutition, peristalsis
What is enzymatic digestion
Breaks bond using intestines,organs and microbes
What are the 3 parts of the small intestine
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Describe the duodenum
In the upper part of small intestine, neutralizes stomach acid and has low ph, enzymatic digestion to break everything down
Describe the jejunum
at the second bend of small intestine, does digestion but Mainly absorbs
Describe the ileum
At the last part of small intestine, does absorption and immune responses
What are the 3 parts of the large intestine
Colon, cecum,rectum
What does the colon do
Absorbs water and forms feces
What does the cecum do
It’s the blind pouch has one way in and one way out, main digestion area for some species
What does the rectum do
Connect the colon to the anus
What is Saliva
The mix of water, salt,mucus, and enzymes
What r the 3 main salivary glands
Parotid,submandibular, sublingual
What is the order of pig digestive tract
Esophagus,stomach, pancreas,duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, colon,rectum
What does the pancreas do
Makes digestive enzymes
What type of stomach do pigs have and what diet
Mono gastric more complex and a omnivore
What is the diet and stomach of chickens
Omnivore and monogastric
What is the order of chickens digestive tract
Esophagus,crop (food storage), proventriculus ( equivalent to the stomach acid digestion happens ) , gizzard or ventriclus( a muscular stomach and it grinds food) , duodenum,jejunum, ileum,2 cecas , large intestine,And cloaca.
What does the gall bladder do in the chicken
Secreates bile to small intestine that comes from the liver
What is the stomach and diet of a dog
Carnivore and Simple monogastric
Order of the dogs digestive tract
Esophagus,stomach, pyloric sphincter( a muscle and closes off but allows fluids to small intestine) ,jejunum,ileum, connects with large intestine at ILEOCECAL JUNCTION,colon, rectum,anus
Is the cecum active in pigs and dogs
No
Describe the diet and stomach of a horse
Herbivore,more complex monogastric
What do horse use to get food
Lips
Describe order of horse digestive tract
Stomach, small intestine, cecum, large colon,small colon, rectum
Is a horse a hindgut fermenter
Yes
Does the horse have a functioning cecum
Yes
What is massive in the horse GI tract and what does it do
Cecum and it’s where the bulk of digestion happens
What unique features of the sturgeon fish
Pyloric cecum ,spiral intestine
What is the main diet of sturgeon fish
Shellfish
What is the order of sturgeon digestive tract
Conduit, esophagus, distal stomach, gizzard, pyloric cecum, intestine, spiral intestine
How many chambers do ruminants have 4
The main compartment is the rumen, reticulum,omasum,and the abomasum( true stomach)
What is the order of ruminant stomach
Esophagus,rumen, reticulum(honey comb pattern) , omasum, abomasum,pylorus
What does papilla do in the rumen
It increases the surface area of the rumen to get the feed to interact with the tissue and microorganisms
What is the reticular grove
For newborn animals that are suckling, it bypasses the esophageal groove to stimulate tissues to then get the milk straight to omasum and bypass the rumen
How is the rumen studied
With fistulated cows, the cows gets an opening made and a plug is put to the rumen
