Midterm 2 Lecture 11 Flashcards
Where in the stomach can food be stored
The fundus
What is the pyloric antrum
The end of the stomach and going to contact to get food to small intestine
What do mucous neck cells in the gatsric pit do
Make mucous
What is in gastric gland and what does it do
Parietal cells which makes HCL ( hydrochloric acid) and after is Chief cells, they make enzymes
What enzymes do chief cells make
Pepsinogen which breaks down protein
Gastric lipase which breaks down fat
Rennin which breaks down milk
Why does the gall bladder secrete bile
To help with lipid absorption
What kind of enzymes does the pancreas make
Trypsin takes a protein and breaks it down
Chymotrypsin and carboxy further break down the polypeptides(broken down protein) and make them into amino acids
Lipase attacks fat
Amylase attacks starch
What system is the pancreas a part of and what does it do
The endocrine system and makes insulin and glucagon
What are the layers of small intestine from outer to inner
Serosa, longitudinal muscle, circular muscle, submucosa,mucosa
What is special about the longitudinal muscle and circular muscle
The longitudinal muscle runs the length of the small intestine and the circular muscle wraps around it. they have nerves that cause contractions
Where are the artery’s and vines entering into intestinal tissues
Through the submucosa
What does the mucosa have
Villi that do the final steps of digestion
What is histology
When a piece if tissue is cut thin and stain it to then observe cellular structures
What do goblet cells do
Makes mucus to help prevent microbes to attaching to intestinal mucosa
What is at the base of the villi and what does it do
It’s called the crypt and it secrets anti microbial molecules
Is the villi a static structure
No the structures is changing all the time with new cells
What does the lacteal do in the villi and what system is it a part of
The lymph system It carries fat and keeps it in circulation
What do capillary beds do in villi
Are arteries and veins that absorb the product of digestion to put out into the blood
What is villi structure made up of
Enterocytes
What is the glycocalyx for
To break down anything that didn’t break in the villi and to be protection for the structure and recognize and attack foreign organisms
What’s in the glycocalyx
A layer of mucopolysacchardies and glycoproteins and keeps enzymes stuck to villi
How do molecules get into the cells of the intestine
Paracelluar transport and transcellular route
What is the paracellular route
Across tight junctions between epithelial cells and usually water goes through
It’s impermeable to large molecules amino acids and glucose
What is the transcellular route
It goes across the plasma membrane of the epithelial cells
And it’s need transporters( a more common method)
How can water be transported through the gut epithelium
The paracellular route and transcellular route
