Midterm 2 Lecture 11

Question 1

Where in the stomach can food be stored

Answer 1

The fundus

Question 2

What is the pyloric antrum

Answer 2

The end of the stomach and going to contact to get food to small intestine

Question 3

What do mucous neck cells in the gatsric pit do

Answer 3

Make mucous

Question 4

What is in gastric gland and what does it do

Answer 4

Parietal cells which makes HCL ( hydrochloric acid) and after is Chief cells, they make enzymes

Question 5

What enzymes do chief cells make

Answer 5

Pepsinogen which breaks down protein
Gastric lipase which breaks down fat
Rennin which breaks down milk

Question 6

Why does the gall bladder secrete bile

Answer 6

To help with lipid absorption

Question 7

What kind of enzymes does the pancreas make

Answer 7

Trypsin takes a protein and breaks it down
Chymotrypsin and carboxy further break down the polypeptides(broken down protein) and make them into amino acids
Lipase attacks fat
Amylase attacks starch

Question 8

What system is the pancreas a part of and what does it do

Answer 8

The endocrine system and makes insulin and glucagon

Question 9

What are the layers of small intestine from outer to inner

Answer 9

Serosa, longitudinal muscle, circular muscle, submucosa,mucosa

Question 10

What is special about the longitudinal muscle and circular muscle

Answer 10

The longitudinal muscle runs the length of the small intestine and the circular muscle wraps around it. they have nerves that cause contractions

Question 11

Where are the artery’s and vines entering into intestinal tissues

Answer 11

Through the submucosa

Question 12

What does the mucosa have

Answer 12

Villi that do the final steps of digestion

Question 13

What is histology

Answer 13

When a piece if tissue is cut thin and stain it to then observe cellular structures

Question 14

What do goblet cells do

Answer 14

Makes mucus to help prevent microbes to attaching to intestinal mucosa

Question 15

What is at the base of the villi and what does it do

Answer 15

It’s called the crypt and it secrets anti microbial molecules

Question 16

Is the villi a static structure

Answer 16

No the structures is changing all the time with new cells

Question 17

What does the lacteal do in the villi and what system is it a part of

Answer 17

The lymph system It carries fat and keeps it in circulation

Question 18

What do capillary beds do in villi

Answer 18

Are arteries and veins that absorb the product of digestion to put out into the blood

Question 19

What is villi structure made up of

Answer 19

Enterocytes

Question 20

What is the glycocalyx for

Answer 20

To break down anything that didn’t break in the villi and to be protection for the structure and recognize and attack foreign organisms

Question 21

What’s in the glycocalyx

Answer 21

A layer of mucopolysacchardies and glycoproteins and keeps enzymes stuck to villi

Question 22

How do molecules get into the cells of the intestine

Answer 22

Paracelluar transport and transcellular route

Question 23

What is the paracellular route

Answer 23

Across tight junctions between epithelial cells and usually water goes through
It’s impermeable to large molecules amino acids and glucose

Question 24

What is the transcellular route

Answer 24

It goes across the plasma membrane of the epithelial cells
And it’s need transporters( a more common method)

Question 25

How can water be transported through the gut epithelium

Answer 25

The paracellular route and transcellular route