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Freshman Biology I H > Midterm > Flashcards

Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What are the processes of the scientific meathod?

A

Observation
Hypothesis
Experiment
Collect Data
Conclude

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2
Q

What is a control group in an experiment and what is its purpose

A

They are the group without the independent variable used for comparison

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3
Q

What is the dependent variable in an experiment?

A

The thing being affected by the independent variable

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4
Q

What is the independent variable in an experiment?

A

It is the thing changed from the control group and affects the dependent variable

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5
Q

What are constants in an experiment

A

They are things kept the same between the experimental and control groups

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6
Q

In an experiment, why are constants important

A

They reduce bias

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7
Q

What are the two types of data

A

Quantatative and Qualitative

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8
Q

What is quantitative data

A

Data about measurements or statistics

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9
Q

What is qualitative data

A

Data about characteristics

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10
Q

What is a hypothesis

A

A predicted result to an experiment

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11
Q

What is a theory

A

A conclusion made based on a collection of experiments

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12
Q

What is a law

A

A conclusion on how the natural world reacts to things happening to it

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13
Q

What does the statement “science only deals with the natural world” mean

A

Science is limited to what can be measured in our reality

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14
Q

Why is peer review important

A

If many scientists agree on a conclusion, it becomes much more credible or vice versa

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15
Q

Do scientific notation:
https://chemquiz.net/sci/

A

Yes sir sire

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16
Q

Do dimensional analysis:
https://chemquiz.net/sic/

A

Yes sir sire

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17
Q

What are the eight characteristics of life

A

Everything is made of cells
Reproduction
Taking in energy
Homeostasis
Having DNA
Responding to Environment
Growing
Evolving

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18
Q

What is asexual reproduction?

A

When the offspring is a copy of the parent

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19
Q

What is sexual reproduction

A

When the offspring is a combination of the parents

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20
Q

What is adhesion

A

The force of water to other things

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21
Q

What is cohesion

A

The force of water to other water

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22
Q

What is activation energy

A

The minimum amount of energy required for chemical reactions

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23
Q

What is an enzyme

A

A biological catalyst

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24
Q

What role does an enzyme play in chemical reactions

A

It increases the rate of reaction and decreases the activation energy

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25
What is the temperature of the human body
37C
26
What does pH mean
Power of hydrogen
27
What is the pH scale
The scale in which acidity and basic is measured
28
Which numbers are acids on the pH scale
0-6.9
29
Which numbers are bases on the pH scale
7.1-14
30
What are the four macromolecules of life
Carbs Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids
31
What is carb's monomer
Monosaccharides
32
What are carb's polymers
Disaccharides and polysaccharides
33
What are lipid's monomers
Glycerol and Fatty Acid
34
What is protein's monomer
Amino acid
35
What is protein's polymer
Polypeptides
36
What is nucleic acid's monomer
Nucleotides
37
What is nucleic acid's polymer
DNA
38
What is the function of carbs
Short term energy
39
What is lipid's function
Long term energy
40
What is protein's function
regulates processes and growth and repair
41
What is nucleic acid's function
To store and give genetic information
42
What three elements are found in all macromolecules
Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen
43
What are the four parts of an amino acid
Central carbon Amino group Carboxyl group R group
44
Which section is different in all amino acids
R group
45
What are the three parts of cell theory
Cells make up all living things Cells split to reproduce Cells are the basic unit of life
46
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cells are less complex and has less organelles (only ribosomes and no membrane bound organelles) than eukaryotic cells
47
What is an organelle?
A part of a cell that serves a specific function
48
What is the function of the nucleus
It controls the cell and stores DNA
49
What is the function of the ribosome
To synthesize protein
50
What is the function of the smooth ER
lipid synthesis with no ribosomes on the surface
51
What is the function of the golgi bodies
transporting materials
52
What is the function of the vacuole
storage
53
What is the function of the mitochondria
storing and using energy
54
What is passive transport
Transportation of molecules requiring no energy
55
What are the types of passive transport
Diffusion Osmosis Facilitated Diffusion
56
What does diffusion do
moves molecules from a high to low concentration
57
What does osmosis do
moves water molecules from a low to high concentration of solutes
58
What does facilitated diffusion do
moves molecules from a high to low concentration needing help from protein channels
59
What is active transport
The transportation of molecules requiring energy
60
What are the types of active transport
Endocytosis Exocytosis
61
What does endocytosis do
Moves particles into the cell
62
What does exocytosis do
Move particles out the cell
63
What does hypotonic mean
The solution has less solutes than the cell, so water is going to enter the cell and cause the cell to burst
64
What does hypertonic mean
The outside of the cell has more solutes than the inside, so water will leave the cell, and the cell will dehydrate or shrink
65
What does isotonic mean
The outside and inside of the cell are equal, and water moves in and out at an equal rate
66
What is homeostasis
The way living creatures maintain internal balence
67
What is the balanced equation for photosynthesis
6Carbon Dioxide + 6Water + Sunlight = Glucose + 6Oxygen
68
What part of the plant is used in photosynthesis and why
The chloroplast to capture sunlight
69
What are the steps of photosynthesis
Photosystem II Electron Transport Chain Photosystem I ATP Formation
70
What happens in Photosystem II and where does it take place
Light is absorbed by the chlorophyll, water through roots, and carbon dioxide through the stomata. Sunlight makes oxygen from water, as well as energizes electrons. In the thylakoid membrane.
71
What happens in the Electron Transport Chain and where does it take place in photosynthesis
It brings electrons along the thylakoid membrane and uses electrons to produce the electron carrier NADPH
72
What happens in Photosystem I and where does it take place
The electrons are reenergized in the thylakoid membrane
73
What happens in ATP Formation and where does it take place
The electrons provide energy to produce ATP from ADP in the thylakoid membrane
74
What is the equation for cellular respiration
Glucose + Oxygen = Water + Carbon Dioxide + ATP
75
What are the steps of aerobic respiration?
Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain
76
What happens in Glycolysis and where does it happen
Glucose enters the cytoplasm and is split into two pyruvates, making two ATP and two NADH
77
What happens in the Krebs Cycle and where does it happen
In the mitochondrial matrix, one carbon atom is taken from each pyruvate, making CO2. The carbons rearrange and create citric acid, which is then broken down into CO2. This produces two ATP
78
What happens in the Electron Transport Chain in cellular respiration and where does it happen
In the mitochondrial christae, electrons are used to synthesize ATP from ADP (chemiosmosis). Oxygen combines with hydrogen to make water. This generates 32 ATP.
79
How much ATP is produced from cellular respiration
30-38
80
What is anaerobic respiration?
Processes in respiration that don't require oxygen to function
81
What are the two types of fermentation
Alcohol and lactic acid fermentation
82
What type of macromolecule is DNA
Nucleic Acid
83
What are the three parts of DNA
Deoxyribose Phosphorus Group Nitrogenous Base
84
What are the base-pairing rules for DNA
Adenine pairs with Thymine Cytosine pairs with Guanine
85
What type of bond holds together nitrogen bases in the center of DNA
Hydrogen Bond

Freshman Biology I H (8 decks)

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