Chapter 7

Question 1

What is the average size for a cell?

Answer 1

50 micrometers

Question 2

the amount of “covering” of the object

Answer 2

Surface Area

Question 3

What is the equation for surface area

Answer 3

length x width x number of sides (answer in x^2)

Question 4

the amount of space inside the object

Answer 4

Volume

Question 5

What is the equation for volume

Answer 5

length x width x height (answer in x^3)

Question 6

Why do we have many little cells rather than less, bigger cells

Answer 6

If the cell is too big, too many demands are put on DNA, not enough food and oxygen would get to the cell, and it wouldn’t be able to get rid of waste fast enough

Question 7

What’s better, a higher or lower surface area to volume ratio?

Answer 7

Higher

Question 8

Why do cells divide

Answer 8

To grow, develop, and reproduce old/damaged cells

Question 9

reproduction where a single parent produces genetically identical offspring

Answer 9

Asexual reproduction

Question 10

reproduction that involves the fusion of two separate parent cells. Offsprings inherit genetic information from each parent

Answer 10

Sexual reproduction

Question 11

What are pros of asexual reproduction?

Answer 11

They don’t need a mate
They produce many offspring in a short time

Question 12

What are cons of asexual reproduction?

Answer 12

There is little genetic diversity
It’s difficult to withstand environmental changes

Question 13

What are pros of sexual reproduction

Answer 13

Genetic diversity

Question 14

What are cons of sexual reproduction?

Answer 14

Relatively fewer offspring
Growth takes more time
Requires a mate

Question 15

single celled organisms

Answer 15

Prokaryotes

Question 16

In prokaryote’s cells, DNA is packaged into a single, circular ___.

Answer 16

Chromosome

Question 17

how prokaryotes reproduce

Answer 17

Binary Fission

Question 18

Does bacteria do binary fission

Answer 18

Yes

Question 19

In eukaryotes, DNA is packaged into multiple ___.

Answer 19

Chromosomes

Question 20

When DNA is loosely arranged in nucleus and can perform multiple functions

Answer 20

Chromatin

Question 21

When DNA is tightly packaged around histones (proteins) and is easier to split

Answer 21

Chromosome

Question 22

Proteins that chromosomes are packaged around

Answer 22

Histones

Question 23

Series of events in which eukaryotic cells grow and divide

Answer 23

Eukaryotic Cell Cycle

Question 24

What are the two phases of the Eukaryotic Cell Cycle

Answer 24

Interphase
Cell Division (M Phase)

Question 25

What percent of time do cells spend in interphase

Answer 25

90%

Question 26

The division of the nucleus in the Cell Cycle

Answer 26

Mitosis

Question 27

The division of the cytoplasm after mitosis to completely separate cells in the Cell Cycle

Answer 27

Cytokinesis

Question 28

What happens in cytokinesis to animal cells?

Answer 28

The cleavage furrow goes at the center to form two daughter cells

Question 29

What happens in cytokinesis to plant cells

Answer 29

A cell plate forms in the center to form two daughter cells

Question 30

Two identical copies of the same chromosome attached at a point called the centromere

Answer 30

Sister Chromatids

Question 31

What sister chromatids are attached to

Answer 31

Centromere

Question 32

What are the three stages of Interphase

Answer 32

G1 S G2

Question 33

What are the two phases of cell division

Answer 33

Mitosis Cytokinesis

Question 34

What happens in G1 phase

Answer 34

The cell grows

Question 35

What happens in the S phase

Answer 35

DNA is replicated (synthesized)

Question 36

What happens in the G2 phase

Answer 36

Cell grows again in preparation for mitosis

Question 37

What are the stages of mitosis

Answer 37

Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

Question 38

What happens in Prophase

Answer 38

Nuclear envelope breaks down and chromatin condenses into chromosomes

Question 39

What happens in Metaphase

Answer 39

The sister chromatids line up in the middle of the cell and are attached to spindle fibers at the centromere

Question 40

These attach to sister chromatids and moves them during mitosis

Answer 40

Spindle Fibers

Question 41

What happens in Anaphase

Answer 41

Sister chromatids are separated into individual chromosomes and pulled to the sides of the cell

Question 42

What happens in Telophase

Answer 42

New nuclear envelope forms around the chromosomes, making two nuclei (2 nucleus)

Question 43

What is uncontrolled cell division

Answer 43

Cancer

Question 44

Cells at the edge if the cell is stimulated to divide ___.

Answer 44

Rapidly

Question 45

What happens to the rate of cell division as the injury heals

Answer 45

It slows

Question 46

When will cells stop dividing in an injury

Answer 46

When they meet with a neighboring cell, meaning the injury is healed

Question 47

What are regulatory proteins that control the cell cycle

Answer 47

Cyclins

Question 48

How was the first cyclin found

Answer 48

Scientists found a protein in a cell undergoing mitosis. They injected the protein into a non-dividing cell, and cyclins started to form

Question 49

What are programed cell deaths

Answer 49

Apoptosis

Question 50

A type of regulator that responds to events inside the cell

Answer 50

Internal regulators

Question 51

A type of regulator that responds to events outside the cell

Answer 51

External regulators

Question 52

a type of internal regulator that lets the cell cycle proceed only when certain steps have already been taken

Answer 52

Checkpoints

Question 53

What stimulates the growth and division of cells

Answer 53

Growth Factors