Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

who discovered the cell?

A

Robert Hooke

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2
Q

Who was first to observe living microorganisms

A

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

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3
Q

What is the Cell Theory?

A

All living things are made up of cells

Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things

New cells are produced from existing cells

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4
Q

usus beams of light or electrons to produce magnified images

A

Microscopes

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5
Q

microscope where light passes through the specimen and uses 2 lenses to form a 2D image (Can magnify up to 1000 times)

A

Light Microscope

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6
Q

type of microscope where beams of electrons are sent and can only pass through extremely thin slices of the specimen, so images are 2D (only examines nonliving things)

A

TEM (transmission electron microscopes)

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7
Q

type of microscope where beams of electrons focused on magnetic fields is scattered over the surface of a specimen, so images are 3D (only examines nonliving things)

A

SEM (scanning electron microscope)

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8
Q

a photo of an object seen through a microscope

A

Micrograph

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9
Q

type of cell that is bigger, more complex, and has membrane bound organelles (plants and animals)

A

Eukaryotic

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10
Q

Type of cell that is smaller, simpler, and has no membrane bound organelles (bacteria)

A

Prokaryotic

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11
Q

small structures inside a cell that have specific functions

A

Organelles

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12
Q

transport of particles that doesn’t require energy

A

Passive Transport

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13
Q

process where particles move from an area of high concentration to low concentration

A

Diffusion

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14
Q

process where molecules that cannot directly diffuse across the membrane pass through special membrane

A

Facilitated Diffusion

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15
Q

the movement of water through solutes from low solute concentration to high solute concentration. Water moves to make concentration equal.

A

Osmosis

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16
Q

the concentration of solutes is the same inside and out of the cell (there’s water inside and out of cell)

A

Isotonic

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17
Q

the solution has a higher concentration of solute concentration than the cell (water outside of cell)

A

Hypertonic

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18
Q

the solution has a lower concentration of solute than the cell (water is inside the cell)

A

Hypotonic

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19
Q

transport of particles that requires energy

A

Active Transport

20
Q

moves small molecules and ions across the cell membrane

A

Protein pumps

21
Q

taking materials into the cell

A

Endocytosis

22
Q

cells releasing materials

A

Exocytosis

23
Q

Route protein takes to leave the cell

A

Nucleus -> Rough ER -> Vesicle -> Golgi Apparatus -> Out Cell Membrane

24
Q

function and type of cell of cell membrane

A

protection and regulates in/out of cell (Prokaryote and Both Eukaryote)

25
Q

function and type of cell of cytoplasm

A

supports organelles and made mostly of H2O (Prokaryote and Both Eukaryote)

26
Q

function and type of cell of ribosome

A

protein synthesis (Prokaryote and both Eukaryote)

27
Q

function and type of cell of nucleus

A

contains DNA and tells the cell what to do (Both Eukaryote)

28
Q

function and type of cell of rough ER

A

transports proteins and has ribosomes on surface (Both Eukaryote)

29
Q

function and type of cell of smooth ER

A

lipid synthesis and has no ribosomes on surface (Both Eukaryotic)

30
Q

function and type of cell of golgi bodies

A

packages materials (Both Eukaryote)

31
Q

function and type of cell of mitochondria

A

provides cell with energy (Both Eukaryote)

32
Q

function and type of cell of vacuole

A

stores nutrients (Both Eukaryote)

33
Q

function and type of cell of lysosomes

A

digests stuff and gets rid of waste (Prokaryote and Animal Eukaryote)

34
Q

function and type of cell of cell wall

A

protection of cell and maintains its shape (Plant Eukaryote)

35
Q

function and type of cell of chloroplasts

A

absorbs energy from the sun (Plant Eukaryote)

36
Q

function and type of cell of central vacuole

A

stores water for cell (Plant Eukaryote)

37
Q

Facilitated Diffusion uses ___ to help particles get past the membrane.

A

Protein Channels

38
Q

organisms that do everything itself to maintain homeostasis in the entire organism

A

Unicellular Organisms

39
Q

organisms that become specialized for particular tasks and work together to maintain homeostasis

A

Multicellular Organisms

40
Q

What is the structure of cell membranes?

A

They are made up of lipid bilayers and membrane proteins.

41
Q

What is the structure of lipid bilayers?

A

They have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails

42
Q

What do membrane proteins do?

A

They let things in and out of the cell

43
Q

List the levels of organization

A

Cells -> Tissues -> Organs -> Organ Systems

44
Q

group of similar cells that perform a particular function

A

Tissue

45
Q

group of tissues that work together

A

Organ

46
Q

group of organs that work together

A

Organ system

47
Q

cells in a large organism that communicate by means of chemical signals that are passed from one cell to another

A

Cellular Communication