Chapter 3

Question 1

who discovered the cell?

Answer 1

Robert Hooke

Question 2

Who was first to observe living microorganisms

Answer 2

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

Question 3

What is the Cell Theory?

Answer 3

All living things are made up of cells

Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things

New cells are produced from existing cells

Question 4

usus beams of light or electrons to produce magnified images

Answer 4

Microscopes

Question 5

microscope where light passes through the specimen and uses 2 lenses to form a 2D image (Can magnify up to 1000 times)

Answer 5

Light Microscope

Question 6

type of microscope where beams of electrons are sent and can only pass through extremely thin slices of the specimen, so images are 2D (only examines nonliving things)

Answer 6

TEM (transmission electron microscopes)

Question 7

type of microscope where beams of electrons focused on magnetic fields is scattered over the surface of a specimen, so images are 3D (only examines nonliving things)

Answer 7

SEM (scanning electron microscope)

Question 8

a photo of an object seen through a microscope

Answer 8

Micrograph

Question 9

type of cell that is bigger, more complex, and has membrane bound organelles (plants and animals)

Answer 9

Eukaryotic

Question 10

Type of cell that is smaller, simpler, and has no membrane bound organelles (bacteria)

Answer 10

Prokaryotic

Question 11

small structures inside a cell that have specific functions

Answer 11

Organelles

Question 12

transport of particles that doesn’t require energy

Answer 12

Passive Transport

Question 13

process where particles move from an area of high concentration to low concentration

Answer 13

Diffusion

Question 14

process where molecules that cannot directly diffuse across the membrane pass through special membrane

Answer 14

Facilitated Diffusion

Question 15

the movement of water through solutes from low solute concentration to high solute concentration. Water moves to make concentration equal.

Answer 15

Osmosis

Question 16

the concentration of solutes is the same inside and out of the cell (there’s water inside and out of cell)

Answer 16

Isotonic

Question 17

the solution has a higher concentration of solute concentration than the cell (water outside of cell)

Answer 17

Hypertonic

Question 18

the solution has a lower concentration of solute than the cell (water is inside the cell)

Answer 18

Hypotonic

Question 19

transport of particles that requires energy

Answer 19

Active Transport

Question 20

moves small molecules and ions across the cell membrane

Answer 20

Protein pumps

Question 21

taking materials into the cell

Answer 21

Endocytosis

Question 22

cells releasing materials

Answer 22

Exocytosis

Question 23

Route protein takes to leave the cell

Answer 23

Nucleus -> Rough ER -> Vesicle -> Golgi Apparatus -> Out Cell Membrane

Question 24

function and type of cell of cell membrane

Answer 24

protection and regulates in/out of cell (Prokaryote and Both Eukaryote)

Question 25

function and type of cell of cytoplasm

Answer 25

supports organelles and made mostly of H2O (Prokaryote and Both Eukaryote)

Question 26

function and type of cell of ribosome

Answer 26

protein synthesis (Prokaryote and both Eukaryote)

Question 27

function and type of cell of nucleus

Answer 27

contains DNA and tells the cell what to do (Both Eukaryote)

Question 28

function and type of cell of rough ER

Answer 28

transports proteins and has ribosomes on surface (Both Eukaryote)

Question 29

function and type of cell of smooth ER

Answer 29

lipid synthesis and has no ribosomes on surface (Both Eukaryotic)

Question 30

function and type of cell of golgi bodies

Answer 30

packages materials (Both Eukaryote)

Question 31

function and type of cell of mitochondria

Answer 31

provides cell with energy (Both Eukaryote)

Question 32

function and type of cell of vacuole

Answer 32

stores nutrients (Both Eukaryote)

Question 33

function and type of cell of lysosomes

Answer 33

digests stuff and gets rid of waste (Prokaryote and Animal Eukaryote)

Question 34

function and type of cell of cell wall

Answer 34

protection of cell and maintains its shape (Plant Eukaryote)

Question 35

function and type of cell of chloroplasts

Answer 35

absorbs energy from the sun (Plant Eukaryote)

Question 36

function and type of cell of central vacuole

Answer 36

stores water for cell (Plant Eukaryote)

Question 37

Facilitated Diffusion uses ___ to help particles get past the membrane.

Answer 37

Protein Channels

Question 38

organisms that do everything itself to maintain homeostasis in the entire organism

Answer 38

Unicellular Organisms

Question 39

organisms that become specialized for particular tasks and work together to maintain homeostasis

Answer 39

Multicellular Organisms

Question 40

What is the structure of cell membranes?

Answer 40

They are made up of lipid bilayers and membrane proteins.

Question 41

What is the structure of lipid bilayers?

Answer 41

They have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails

Question 42

What do membrane proteins do?

Answer 42

They let things in and out of the cell

Question 43

List the levels of organization

Answer 43

Cells -> Tissues -> Organs -> Organ Systems

Question 44

group of similar cells that perform a particular function

Answer 44

Tissue

Question 45

group of tissues that work together

Answer 45

Organ

Question 46

group of organs that work together

Answer 46

Organ system

Question 47

cells in a large organism that communicate by means of chemical signals that are passed from one cell to another

Answer 47

Cellular Communication